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必修一文言文复习整理

 liubaoliang 2013-06-22

《劝学》

一、注音 

                张牙舞            

二、解释加点词

1、故不积跬步,无以至千里:                                  没有用来……的办法

2舆马者,非足也,而致千里(                          凭借,利用

3、积土成山,风雨兴。(                                  兼词,在这儿

4、虽有槁,不复者,輮使之然也(      )(              晒;  直,

5、驽马十驾,在不舍。(                                      成功

6、假舟揖者,非能也,而江河。(     )(                  游泳;横渡

7、木直                                                  合于                            

8、声非加疾也,而闻者                                   清楚

9、君子非异也(                                           “性”,天资

10、非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者(                                 藏身

11蟹六而二螯                                               

12也 (    )(                                       因为;  专一

 

三、文言词汇拓展

金就砺则利:_______                                           靠近,趋向

河海不择细流,故能就其深:______                               完成,达到

就能破之,尚不可有也:_______                                    即使

 

声非加疾也:_______                                         快、速,引为“洪亮”

疾恶如仇:________                                           痛恨,憎恨

庞涓恐其贤于已,疾之:_______                                    妒忌

寡人有疾,寡人好货:_________                                  缺点,毛病

鼓大而短,则其声疾而短闻(声非加疾也):________                   快,速

 

*老子犹堪绝大漠(而绝江河):________                                横渡

其捷绝人,能逾墙而入:_______                                      超过

秦女绝美,王可自取:________                                         非常

佗之绝技,凡此类也:_________                                    绝妙,高超

忽然抚尺一下,群响毕绝                                            停止,消失

自云先世避秦时乱,率妻子邑人来此绝境                             阻隔,隔断      
以为妙绝                                                  极限,不能超过,高超

佛印绝类弥勒                                                     十分,非常
楚诚能绝齐,秦愿献商于之地六百里                        断绝,  与……断绝关系

子绝四:毋意,毋必,毋固,毋我                                 戒除,杜绝

而心目耳力俱穷,绝无踪响                                   绝对

 

①青,取之于蓝而青于蓝(       )                                  转折,“却”

②君子博学而日参省乎已(                                         递进,“并且”

③吾尝终日而思矣(                                          修饰,“地”或不译

④积善成德,而神明自得(                                   因果,“因而”

 ⑤顺风而呼,声非加疾也(                                 修饰

 ⑥蟹六跪而二螯(                                          并列,“和”或不译

 


吾尝跂而望矣,不如登高之博见也            

先祖德隆望尊 
日夜望将军至,岂敢反乎         

适冬日之望日前后 

①青,取之于蓝 

②黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵

③不如须臾之所学也

④蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强

⑤冰,水为之

⑥君将哀而生之乎

⑦非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者

⑧孤之有孔明,犹鱼之有水也

 

远方莫不致其珍:                                       送达,送来

肃宣权旨,论天下事势,致殷勤之意:                       表达,传达

非利足也,而致千里                                         到达

拒谏以致天下怨谤                                           招来,招致

以致天下之士                                               招致,吸引

是我于花之未开,先享无穷逸致也                             情致

致强而能以宽弱                                              尽,极

家贫无从致书以观                                        取得,获得                            

不专心致志,则不得也。                                   

事君能致其身                                              献出,尽

案其狱,皆文致不可得反                                       细密,精密

 

 

四、选择题

1.下边句子中没有通假字的一项是(      

 A.则知明而行无过矣。            B.君子生非异也。

 C.君子博学而日参省乎已。        D.虽有槁暴,不复挺者。

2、下面句中的“焉”字意义和用法不同于其他三句的是(       

 A.积土成山,风雨兴焉                B.子亦有不利焉

 C.朝济而夕没版焉                    D.将焉取之

3.下列句子中与其他三句句式不相同的一项是(       

 A.青,取之于蓝而青于蓝        B.登高而招,臂非加长也

 C.冰,水为之,而寒于水        D.君子生非异也,善假于物也

 

五、准确翻译文句。

 1)积善成德,而神明自得,圣心备焉。 

 

2)吾尝终日而思矣,不如须臾之所学也。

 

3)青,取之于蓝而青于蓝。

 

4)蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强,上食埃土,下饮黄泉,用心一也。

                                                              

    六、默写                                                                                                                                   

                                                                                                                           

1、  青,取之于蓝而青于蓝;___________________

2、  故木受绳则直,________________________________________________________

3、  故不积跬步,__________________________________________

 

 

 

 

《师说》

一、解释加点词

1、无故无贱:无论

2、至于众人,当惜分阴(今之众人):一般人

3、其皆出于此乎:大概

4、其然乎?其不然乎?表选择,是……还是

5、小学而大遗:丢弃

6、圣人无常师:固定的

7、今其智乃反不能及:竟然

8、古之学者必有师

9、师者,所以传道受业解惑也                                                                           

10、吾从而师之     

11、士大夫之                                                     

12、郯子之徒                                                       这些人

13、虽得贤,必能用之乎(夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎):难道

14、句之不知:                                                  停顿

15、伤痍者起:                                                     刚刚

16、师之不传也久矣:                                      风尚

17、六艺经传皆习之:                                     普遍

 

二、一词多义

*庸讵知其凶(夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎):_______               难道

*若为庸耕:______                                           受雇用(的人)

*始以先生为庸人:________                                    平常的,平庸的

 

无:

无贵无贱:_______                                                     无论

地无四方,民无异国:_______                                        不论,不分

 

鼎大异于众鼎:________                                         一般的,普通

至于众人,当惜分阴(今之众人):________                               一般人

众怒难犯:________                                                      众人

树成荫而众鸟息焉:___________                                           众多

 

不期修古,不法常可(圣人无常师):________                     固定的,永久的

天行有常:_______                                               常规、准则

 

师道之不传也久矣

吾师道也  

 

  

 师道之不传也久矣                      

 人非生而知之者                   

 师道之不传也久矣                 

 巫医乐师百工之人

 夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎

 

 

犹且从师而问焉               

则耻师焉  

                                   

爱其子

其皆出于此乎

其可怪也欤

 

三、默写

1、吾师道也,________________________________________________________________________________________

2、师道之不传也久矣!___________________

3、古人圣人,_______________________________

今之众人,______________________________________

4、  彼与彼年相若也,_________________________________________________________

5、  巫医乐师百工之人,___________________________________,其可怪也欤!

 

四、翻译

1、彼童子之师,授之书而习其句读者,非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。

 

 

2、句读之不知,惑之不解,或师焉,或不焉,小学而大遗,吾未见其明也。

 

 

 

《赤壁赋》

一、文言词汇

1造物者之无尽藏也:                                   

2、洗盏酌:                                               重新

3、不知东方之白:                                         已经

4、举酒                                     :致意,引申为劝酒

5、纵一苇之所如:听凭,放任

6、纵一苇之所:去,往,到

7江河之险(凌万顷之茫然):越过

8、击空明兮流光:逆水而上

9、上自瑟而歌(倚歌而和之):随着,合着,按着

10、炽炭拥炉坐(正襟危坐):正,端正

11其城七十二(破荆州,下江陵):攻下

12、托遗于悲风:声音;遗响,洞箫余音

13将自其变者而观之:如果

14一毫而莫取:即使

15、正下怀(其曲中规):符合,合适

 

二、词汇拓展

*然后知吾向之未始游:____________                      向来,原来,先前

水向天边流:_________                          向前

世人向我同众人,惟君向我最相亲: ________                   对待,看待

*向夕长风起,寒云没西山:_________                       接近,将近

向也不怒,而今也怒 ____________                        原来,先前

*向不出其技,虎虽猛,疑畏,卒不敢取:__________                 假使,假如

 

*洗盏更酌:_________                重新

*良庖岁更刀也:___________                  改换,改变

*更日久则涂干而椽燥:___________                   经过,经历

*欲通使,道必更匈奴中:____________               经过

*悉巴蜀租赋不足以更之:_____________                抵偿

 

举酒属客:__________                       致意,引申为劝酒

*冠盖相属:_________                            连接

*骑能属者百余人:___________                            跟随

*乃以秦王属吏:__________                         交给,交付(治罪)

天下属安定,何故反焉:_______________                         刚刚

 

 

*纵一苇之所如:___________                          听凭,放任

*莫敢纵兵:_______________                  发,放

超乃顺风纵火:_________                    发,放

纵所俘还之:释放

一日纵敌,数世之患也:_________                  放纵,听凭,放任

纵不悉全,决不尽败:_________                纵使

言变事纵迹安起:_________         通“踪”,踪迹(告发非常事件的经过是怎么发生的)

 

凌其城,不待钩梯:________              升,登

飘飘有凌云之气:_____________                 乘,凌驾

*虽有江河之险,则凌之:_________                 越过

并天下,凌万乘:________                  侵犯,欺压

终刚强兮不可凌:__________                侵犯

 

*上自倚瑟而歌(倚歌而和之):________             随着,合着,按着

倚树而吟:__________                  斜靠着

作人不倚将军势:_______                倚仗,凭恃

*中立而不倚(不偏不倚):_______             偏斜

 

*炽炭拥炉危坐(正襟危坐):_______          正,端正

*使子路去其危冠,解其长剑(危乎高哉,蜀道之难):_______          

危言危行:正直

 

管仲固谏,不听:_________                坚持

*人固有一死:_________                本来

*固一世之雄也:________            

吾固曰:非圣人之意,势也:________            通“故”,因此

 

*盖将自其变者而观之:______             如果

*盖有之矣,我未之见也:_______            大概

*屈平之作《离骚》,盖自怨生也:________           表原因,因为

*功盖五帝:________                  超过,胜过

 

三、默写

1、举酒属客,________________________________________

2、少焉,_____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3、  桂棹兮兰桨,____________________________________________

4、  客有吹洞萧者,倚歌而和之,其声呜呜然:____ _________________________________________________________________________________________

5、  况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________;(共9句)知不可乎骤得,________________________

6、  苏子曰:客亦知夫水与月乎?________________________________________________________________________。盖将自其变者而观之,___________________________________________________________________,而又何羡乎?

7、  苟非吾之所有,___ _____________。惟江上之清风,与山间之明月__________________________________________________________,_________________,而吾与子之所共适。 

 

《始得西山宴游记》

 

一、解释字词

 

1、庸蜀之南,雨少日(恒惴栗):                                常常

2、皆于农以讲事焉(其隙也):                               空闲

3、已而与武安君白起有,言而杀之:                             仇怨

4、施施行:                                            表修饰

5(用法)与其徒上高山:                              名词作状语

6、日与其上高山:                                            随从

7、秦城恐不可得,见欺:                                        白白地

8、百里而利者蹶上将(梦亦同趣):                                  

9帷西向而立(披草而坐):                                           分开

10、手不停于百家之编                                              翻阅

11、以为凡是州之山水有异态者(句式):                            定语后置

13、穷山之高止 :                                                  

14、外与天(译):                                   视野外沿与天相接

15觞满酌:                                              拿过来,拿起

16、然后知吾之未始游:                                        先前,原来

17、然后知吾向未始游:                                            主谓间

18、古为文以志:                                                         

19然就醉:                                                 倾倒

20、而未知西山之怪特:                                           曾经

21、庸蜀之南,雨少日:__________                              常常

 

二、词汇拓展

*2、皆于农隙以讲事焉:_________                               空闲

*3、已而与武安君白起有隙,言而杀之:_________             仇怨

4、伺隙而动:_________                                空子,机会

5、北隙乌丸、夫余:   _______                              邻近

 

*而未始知西山之怪特:_____            曾经

有以为未始有物者(未始不可):______           曾经

*露彩方泛艳,月华始徘徊:______            正在

始服一剂汤,便愈:________            只,仅仅

*千呼万唤始出来:_______              

*始吾于人也,听其言而信其行:_________         当初,最初

千里之行,始于足下:________            开始

 

三、默写

1.则披草而坐,_____,醉则更相枕以卧,卧而梦。_________。觉而起,起而归。

2.然后知是山之特出,_______________。悠悠乎与灏气俱,_____________________________________________________

3.心凝形释,_______________

 

 

四、注音

饿殍             侘傺              屏窒                 欷歔            

             什刹            啮噬                 

                                            

                                        

                            梓                

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