高三英语第三轮复习：状语从句小结

高三英语第三轮复习：状语从句小结  

 

考点一   时间状语从句

1．表示时间的状语从句可以由when，whenever，as，while，before，until，ever since ，as soon as等词引导。

Don't be afraid of asking your teachers for help when it is needed.

如有需要，不要害怕向老师问问题。

Please write it down before you forget it.

趁你现在还没忘把它记下来。

Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.

汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。

【温馨提示】　when可表原因，意为“既然”。

How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen?

既然你什么也听不下去你怎么期望学东西呢？

2．as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。

The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.

我一听到那个声音，我就知道父亲来了。

No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.

我们刚到车站，火车就离站了。

The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.

那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。

My sister came  directly she got my short message.

我姐姐一收到我的短信就来了。

3．no sooner...than和hardly...when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时。若把no sooner, hardly提到句首，主句须倒装。

No sooner had he sat down than the phone rang.

他刚坐下，电话铃就响了。   

Hardly had the game begun when it started to rain.

比赛刚刚开始，天就开始下起雨来。

 

考点二  条件状语从句

1．通常由if，unless如果不，除非，as(so)long as 只要，in case(that)“结果，万一”等连词引导。

In case anything important happens，please call me up.

万一发生了什么重要事情，请打电话给我。

My parents don't mind what job I do as long as I am happy.

我父母不在乎我从事什么样的工作，只要我高兴就好。

2．由on condition(that)；provided(that)；providing(that)(假若；倘使)；supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。

You can go swimming on condition that you don't get too far from the river bank.

只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。

Supposing it rains tomorrow，what shall we do?

假设明天下雨我们做什么？

 

考点三  地点状语从句

1．通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。

The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.

那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。

Keep in touch with your family members wherever you are in the world.

不管你在世界上的什么地方，都要跟家人保持联系。

2．地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。

Where there's a will，there's a way.

有志者事竟成。

Where(ver)there's plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.

哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。

 

考点四  让步状语从句

1.由although，though，as引导的状语从句although和though同义，用法基本相同。前者较正式，多置于句首；后者较通俗、口语化。

Although the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it ，they could not arrest him.

尽管警察认为他是最有可能的一个，由于没有确凿的证据，他们就不能拘留他。

【温馨提示】　as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语，语序要倒装。

Difficult as the task was，they managed to finish it in time.

虽然这项任务很难，他们还是设法及时完成了。

Child as he is ，he knows a lot.

尽管他是个孩子，但是他知道得很多。

2．even if ，even though表示“即使，纵然”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。

I'll do it，even if it takes me all the afternoon.

我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。

3．whether(...or)引导让步状语从句，提供两个或两个以上的假设。

Whether I go alone or he goes with me，the result will be the same.

我自己走还是他跟我一起走结果都是相同的。

4．由疑问词＋ever引导让步状语从句。

Whenever you call on me，you are  always welcome.

不管何时你来看我，我都欢迎。

 

考点五  原因状语从句

原因状语从句常用because，since，as, for引导，还可用seeing  that (既然)，now that (既然)，considering that...(考虑到……)，in that (因为)，not that...but that(不是因为……而是因为)等引导。

Now that they've got to know each other a little better，they get along just fine.

由于彼此之间有了进一步了解，他们相处的不错。

John did quite well in his exams considering how little he studied.

考虑到约翰才学了那么一点点，他考得已经很不错了。

 

考点六  结果状语从句

结果状语从句由so that ，so...that，such that，such...that等词引导。

I haven't seen Ann for such long that I've forgotten what she looks like.

我有很长时间没见着安了，我已忘记她长什么样了。

She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time.

她努力工作，为的是一切能够及时就序。

 

 

语法训练

1  .(2012年高考辽宁卷)He had no sooner finished his speech________the students started cheering.

A．since　　　　　　 　　B．as

C．when                 D．than

解析：本题考查固定句式。句意：他刚做完演讲，学生们就开始欢呼起来。no sooner往往与than连用，意为：一……就……。故答案为D项。

答案：D

2．(2012年高考四川卷)As is reported，it is 100 years________Qinghua University was founded.

A．when  B．before

C．after   D．since

解析：考查状语从句。句意：据报道，自从清华大学成立已经有100年了。这里用句式“It be＋一段时间＋since引导的状语从句”表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。

答案：D

3．(2012年高考山东卷)He had his camera ready________he saw something that would make a good picture.

A．even if  B．if only

C．in case  D．so that

解析：句意：他准备好了照相机，以便他看到好的画面就随时能够拍下来。本题考查状语从句。A项意为“尽管，即使”；B项意为“只要”；C项意为“以防，万一”；D项意为“为了”。

答案：C

4．(2012年高考浙江卷)One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away________my daughter heard cries for help.

A．after  B．while

C．since  D．when

解析：句意：一个周五，我们正在打包要出去度周末，这时我女儿听到有人求救的声音。本句考查“be doing...when...(正在做……这时……)”这一结构，在本结构中，when是并列连词，表示“这时”的意思，相当于and at that time。

答案：D

5．(2012年高考辽宁卷)No matter how________，it is not necessarily lifeless.

A．a desert may be dry

B．dry a desert may be

C．may a desert be dry

D．dry may a desert be

解析：本题考查让步状语从句。句意：无论沙漠可能会多么干燥，那里也未必没有生命。“no matter how＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语”构成让步状语从句。四个选项中只有B项符合要求。

答案：B

6．(2012年安阳质量调研)Having checked everything，he sat down to do his homework，________he heard a lightening strike the electricity pole in the backyard.

A．for  B．when

C．or   D．but

解析：考查连词。句意：检查了所有的东西之后，他坐下来开始写作业，这时他听到闪电击中了后院的电线杆的声音。此处用when表示“这时”。

答案：B

7．If you are traveling________the customs are really foreign to your own，please do as the Romans do.

A．in which  B．what

C．when     D．where

解析：句意：如果你正在一个风俗迥异的地方旅行，请入乡随俗。where引导地点状语从句；A项in which在定语从句的引导词，缺少先行词，所以不正确。

答案：D

8．We should do more such exercises in the future，I think，________we did yesterday.

A．as     B．like

C．about  D．that

解析：句意：我认为我们以后应该做更多这样的练习，就像昨天一样。as正如；like后不能接从句；that不符合题意。

答案：A

9．(2013年郑州质检)—Could you please cut the price a little?

—Er...________you buy more than ten.

A．even if  B．so long as

C．in case  D．as soon as

解析：句意：——你能降一点价吗？——呃……只要你买十个以上。so long as只要；even if即便，即使；in case以防万一；as soon as一……就……。

答案：B

10．It was foolish of you to take a taxi________you could easily walk there in five minutes.

A．though  B．as long as

C．so that   D．when

解析：考查连词。句意：你五分钟就可以走到那儿的，可你还打的去，真是太傻了。根据语意可知此处用when引导状语从句，意为“既然，考虑到”。though意为“尽管，虽然”；as long as意为“只要”；so that意为“为了”，都不符合题意。

答案：D

11．(2013年银川模拟)________one is fully prepared，outdoor sports can sometimes mean injuries.

A．Until   B．Because

C．When  D．Unless

解析：考查连词辨析。句意：要是没有充分准备的话，户外运动有时会意味着受伤。根据语意选D项，表示“如果不……；除非……”。

 答案：D

12．My students，________you have a heart loving life, you always can find things that would make you happy each day.

A．as long as  B．if only

C．as though  D．even though

解析：考查连词用法。句意：我的学生们，只要你们有一颗热爱生活的心，你们每天都能发现让你们开心的事情。as long as表示“只要”。后三项分别表示“但愿”“似乎”“即使”，都不符合句意。

 答案：A

13．There she was，standing exactly________I had left her, crying bitterly.

A．when   B．that

C．where  D．in which

解析：考查状语从句。句意：她就站在我刚才离开她的那个地方悲痛地哭。where I had left her是地点状语从句。

 答案：C

14．The new teacher was so wellorganized that she began________we stopped yesterday so that no point was left out.

A．when  B．in which

C．how   D．where

解析：考查状语从句。句意：这位新老师条理非常清楚，她从我们昨天停止的地方开始，没有遗漏要点。where we stopped yesterday是状语从句。

 答案：D

15．(2013年龙岩检测)My mother likes everything in order，and she always reminds us to put things back________we get them from.

A．so that  B．in which

C．once    D．where

解析：考查状语从句。where we get them from是地点状语从句。

 答案：D