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1）． I was walking along the river， when I heard a drowning boy cry for help．

2）． I was about to leave when it began to rain．

3）． I had just finished my test paper when thebell rang， announcing the exam was over．

2． It was （not ） + 时间段+before +一般过去时过了一段时间就……．．

It will （not ）be+ 时间段+before +一般现在时要过一段时间才会…

It is/ has been +时间段+ since…．．

It was +点时间+ when…．．

It was +时间状语+ that …．．（强调句）

1）． It was not long before he sensed the dangerof the position．不久他就意识到他处境危险

2）． It will be half a year before you graduatefrom the school． 还有半年你才从这个学校毕业

3）． It is 3 years since he worked here．=he left here．（since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，要从这个动作结束的时候算起）

4）． It was 3 o’clock when they received thetelephone．

5） It was at 3 o’clock that they received thetelephone．

3． once…．．一旦…．．，表示时间和条件

1）Once you understand what the teacherexplained， you will have no difficulty doingthe work．

2）． Once you have decided to do something， you should finish it and do it well．

4． The +比较级……．，the +比较级……．．越……，越……

1） The more books you read， the more knowledge you will get．

2）The busier he is， the happier he feels．

5． as if/ as though…．．（表示与事实相反，用虚拟；若表示即将成为事实或有可能成为事实，则用陈述语气）

1）． He was in great trouble， but he acted as if nothing had happened．

2）． Although they just met for the first time， they talked as if they had been friends formany years

3）． The clouds are gathering． It looks as if it is going to rain．

6． n． /adj． / adv． / v． + as / though +主语+谓语，尽管……，……．引导让步状语从句

1）．Child as he is，I already know what career I want to follow．

2）． Try as he might， he couldn’t solve the problem．

3）． Much as I respect him， I can’t agree with his idea．

7． whether…．or…．无论是…．还是…．

1）． Whether the weather is good or bad， they will set off as they planned．

2）． Any person，whether young or old， has his own worth．

8．疑问词+ever = no matter +疑问词，引导让步状语从句或名词性从句

1）． Whichever（=Nomatter which） you like， you can take it away ．（ 让步状语从句）

Youcan take away whichever（=anyone that） you like   （ 名词性从句）

2）． Whenever you comes， you will be welcome． （ 让步状语从句）

3）． Whatever happens， I will support you． （ 让步状语从句）

4）． Whoever breaks the law， he will certainly be punished． （ 让步状语从句）

Whoeverbreaks the law will certainly be punished． （ 名词性从句）

5）． However great the difficulty is， we can overcome it． （ 让步状语从句）

9． as long as/so long as/ providing that/ provided that/ supposing that/on condition that 假如…．．

1）． I will lend you money on condition that youcan return it within 3 months．

10． in case that/ in case of…．．万一…．．，以防…．．

1）． In case of fire， please dial 119 at once．

2）． In case that John comes/ John should come， tell him to wait．

11．祈使句+ or/otherwise +结果句或祈使句+ and +结果句

1）． Stop doing such foolish thing， or you will be punished in time．

2）． More effort，and the problem would have been settled．

3）． Think it over，and you will find the answer．

12． so/ such……．．that……．引导结果状语从句时须注意

   当名词前many，much， little， few有修饰时， 用so不用such因为此时的中心词不再是名词，而是many，much， little， few这些表示数量的词。

1）． The westerners eat so much fat and sugarthat they put on weight easily．

2）． There are so few fish in the lake that wecouldn’t fish them easily．

     当名词是单数可数名词，前面又由adj．修饰时，注意冠词的位置，即so+ adj +a（n）+n或such+ a（n）+ adj．+ n

1）． He is such an honest person/ so honest aperson that you can depend on him when you are in trouble．    当so/such引导的部分位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构

1）． Such great progress has he made in hisstudies that we all admire him．

       当主从句主语一致时可与动词不定式相互转换，即变成so/such……．as to do结构。

1）．The westerners eat so much fat and sugar asto put on weight easily．

13． so that 引导目的状语从句与结果状语从句

     so that引导目的状语从句时常与情态动词连用（= in order that），当主从句主语一致时可转换为so as to do/ in order to do．

1）． He turned up the radio a little so that hecould hear the news clearly．

   He turned up the radio a little so as to hear the news clearly．

2）． He closed all the windows while driving sothat he shouldn’t catch cold．（否定句中情态动词用shouldn’t）

       so that 引导结果状语从句一般不与情态动词连用

1）． He turned up the radio a little so that heheard the news clearly．

14．can never/ can’t 与too， too much， enough， over- 搭配表示“无论怎样…．都不过分”

1）． While you are doing your homework， you can’t be carefulenough．

2）． He is such a great man that we can’tpraise him too much．

3）． William Hartley was handsome， determined and hardworking， in a word，I couldn’t speak too highly of him．

4）． The development of society has made itnecessary for us to have a good knowledge of English， so we can’t overemphasizethe importance of learning English．

5）． Since it is a good thing， we can’t do it too soon．

15．不定式作主语，it作形势主语：

It+系动词+adj．/ n．．+ for sb． to do

It+系动词+adj．+ of sb． to do

1）． It’s important for us to have a goodknowledge of English．

2）． How rude of him to treat a child like that!

3）． It’s thoughtful of him to fix us up for thenight．

16．不定式作宾语，it作形势宾语：

主语+think/ consider/believe/ make/feel+ it +adj．/n． +for sb．/ of sb． +to do

1）． I feel it foolish of him to believe such aman．

2）． The timely rain had made it possible for thecrops to grow well．

17． won’t/ can’t have sb． doing/ done 不能容忍某行为发生

1）． You are too rude， and I won’t have you speaking to Mother like thatagain．

2）． We can’t have anything done against theschool rules．

18． It is said/ thought/ hoped/believed…．．that……Sb． is said/ thought/ hoped/ believedto do…．．

1）． It is said that he is studying abroad．--> He is said to be studying abroad．

2）．It is considered that many countries highlyvalue China’srole in helping world’s peace．

   Many countries is considered to highly value China’s role in helping world’speace．

19．every time/ each time/ next time/ the first time/ any time “每当…．．，每次…．．，下次…．．”

1）． Every time you meet with new words whilereading， don’t always refer to yourdictionary．

  When you meet with new words every time…．．

2） Next time you come ， do remember to bring your son here．

3） You are welcome to come back any time youwant to．

20． There is （no） need to do…．．/ for …．-?It is（ not ）necessary for sb． to do…．

   There is（ no ）hope/ chance / possibility ofdoing…．

   There is（ no ）difficulty/ trouble/ point/ delay（ in ）doing

1）． Is there any chance of us/ our winning thematch?

2）． There is no point in discussing the problemagain．

21． It is time to do/ It is time that +主语+动词的一般过去式该是做…．．的时候了

It istime that we ended the discussion．

22． it 强调句： It is/ was +被强调部分+ who/ that+原句剩余部分

e．g．:I met him in the street yesterday afternoon．

It wasI who/ that met him in the street yesterday afternoon．

It washim who/ that I met in the street yesterday afternoon．

It wasin the street that I met him yesterday afternoon．

It wasyesterday afternoon that I met him in the street

      强调句的一般疑问句：Is/ Was it +被强调部分+ who/ that+原句剩余部分

      强调句的特殊疑问句：What/ When/ Where/ Who/ How……is/was it + who/ that+原

     句剩余部分

1）． Who was it that/ who you met in the streetyesterday afternoon?

Tell mewho it was that/ who you met in the street yesterday afternoon?

23．There be 句型：

1）． There are two books and a pen on the desk．

2）． There seems/ appears to be much hope of ourteam winning the match．

3）． There happened to be nobody in the room whenI came in．

4）． There have been great changes in my hometownsince 1978．

5）． There used to be a bus station at the cornerof the street．

6）． There are likely to be more difficultiesthan expected while we are carrying out the plan．

24． not/ never ……． until   直到…．．才

1）． The villagers didn’t realize how serious thepollution was until all the fish died in the river．

2）  Notuntil all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious thepollution was．（倒装句）

25． not only…．． but （also）…．．

1）． Not only the teacher but also the studentshave their eyes examined regularly．

Not onlythe students but also the teacher has his eyes examined regularly．

2）． They suggested we should not only attend theparty， but give a performance．

    Theysuggested we should give a performance as well as attend the party

     notonly…．． but （also）…．．引导并列句时，not only引导的部分置于句首时要部分倒装

1）．Not only was everything he had taken away，but also his German citizenship was taken away．

2）．Not only should we students study hard，but also we should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time．

26． prefer to do A rather than do B…（两者相比）愿意干A而不愿意干B

  == would rather do A than do B

1）． I prefer to stay at home rather than go tothe park in such weather．

2）． Rather than ride on a crowded bus， he always prefer to ride a bicycle．

27．倍数表达法：

     A + 谓语+倍数+the+n．（size/ height/ length……）+of B

     A + 谓语+倍数+as+ abj． + as B

     A + 谓语+倍数+adj． 比较级+than B? A + 谓语+adj． 比较级+than B+by+倍数

1）．This square is twice the size of that one．

This square is twice as large as that one．

This square is once larger than that one．

2）．This factory produced three times as manycars as they did 10 years ago．

3）．He is 3 years older than I-? He is older thanI by 3 years

28． sb． spend money/ timeon sth． spend time/money in doing sth

      sb． pay money （to sb） for sth．

      sth． cost sb． money/ time

     It takes sb． some time to do sth．

1）． The time he spends watching TV is as much ashe does doing his homework．

2）． The mp3．for which he paid only ￥150proved to be useful．

3）． The naughty boy cost his mother many sleeplessnights．

29．当all， each， both， every词语否定词连用时，为部分否定，“并非都…．”

1）． Not all of them went to the party last night．--> All of them didn’t go to the partylast night．

2）． Both of the answers are not right．（=Only one of the two answers is right．）

3）． We couldn’t eat in the restaurant， because ___ of us had ____ money．

A． all，no   B． all，any    C．none ， any   D． none，no    答案：C

30．as/ with表示“随……进展”，as 后面接句子，with后面接短语

1）． With the industry developing， the pollution is becoming more and moreserious．

As the industrydevelops， the pollution is becoming moreand more serious．

31．Only if 与If only     Only if=if，引导条件状语从句

1）． ---Only if I lend you ahand?      ---I’m sure I can finish it on time．

If only= How I wish…．， 引导的句子用虚拟语气，表示难以实现的愿望

If only= How I wish 主语+情态动词+V．（谓语动词的动作在wish之后进行）

主语+动词的一般过去式（谓语动词的动作与wish同时进行）

主语+had done（谓语动词的动作在wish之前进行）

1）． If only we didn’t have so many examines!

2）． If only he could come tomorrow!

3）． If only I hadn’t made so many mistakes !

3）． He couldn’t work out a single problem whenhe was in the exam． hall． How he wished he knew all the answer!

Hecouldn’t work out a single problem when he was in the exam． hall．How he wished he had studied hard before!

32． with 的复合结构（作状语或作定语）

l        with+ n． +n．       （with可以省略）

1）． The workforce is made up of 400 workers， （with ）most of them women．（=most of whom are women．/ and most of them are women．）

l        with+ n． +adj．       （with可以省略）

1）．（With）the street wet and slippery，we had to ride our bikes slowly and carefully．

Becausethe street were wet and slippery，………．

2）． The students were listening to the teacher， （with）theireyes wide open．

Thestudents were listening to the teacher，and their eyes were wide open．

l        with+ n． +adv．       （with可以省略）

1）． He put on his coat hurriedly， （with）the wrong side out

l        with+ n． +prep-phrase     （with可以省略）

1）． The old man was seated in the sofa， （with）a pipe in his mouth．（Also: pipe in mouth）

l        with+ n．+ to do/ to be done    （动词不定式的动作还未进行）

with+ n．+ doing/ being done    （动词不定式的动作正在进行）

with+ n．+done             （动词不定式的动作已经完成或指n． 所处的状态）

1）． With so many problems to settle， the newly-elected president is having a hardyear．

2）． He was lying in bed， with his eyes fixed on the ceiling

3）． With the temple being repaired， we can’t visited it．

33．方位状语位于句首时的倒装句

1）． In front of the house stopped a police car．

2）．Under the tree sat a boy， with a book in his hand.

34．具有否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时句子要部分倒装。常用的此有：little， never， seldom，hardly， rarely， no sooner，in no time， by no means， in no case 等

1）． Not a single mistake did he make in the exam．

2）． In no time did the man realize what washappening．

3）．In no case can you tell him the truth．

4）． Hardly had the train left when he rememberedhe had left his suitcase on it．

  No sooner had the train left than he remembered he had left his suitcase on it．

35．the moment， the minute， immediately， directly， on doing…表示“一…．就”

1）． On arriving （hisarrival ）at the airport， he was surrounded by the reporters ．

2）． ---Have you give John the book?  ---Yes， the moment I saw him．

36． rather than

1）．It is better to ask for help at the beginningrather than to wait until a busy period when everyone is rushed off their feet．

2）．It is the boss who is to blame rather thanthe workers．

37． while/ but ：while侧重两者之间的对比，but 多指一件事的两个对立面。

1）． He likes listening to music while I likewatching TV．

2）． I badly wanted that book， but I haven’t enough money．

38． only to do 作结果状语，多用来表示出人意料、结局令人沮丧的结果。动词多是终结性的词，如：find，learn， to be told， to be caught等

1）． His father disappeared， never to heard from again．

2）． He hurried to his office， only to be told that he was dismissed．

39． of +n．表示某物具备某种性质或特征

1）． New Zealand wine is of high qualityand is sold all over the world．

2）． They are of the same height．

3）． Coins are of different sizes， weights，shapes and of different metals．

4）． Sports and games are of great value forchildren’s study．

40．only +状语的结构放在句首，主句要部分倒装

1）． Only in that way could I learn English well．

2）． Only then did I remember it was my birthday today．

41． What do you think of……?   （这三个句式用来询问某人对某个事物的评价或看法，

   How do youfind……?          其回答应该是评价性的话语）

   How do you like…．．?

1）． ---How do you find the film last night?

  ---I have never seen a worse one before．

41． What is/was………like? 用来询问人或事物的特征或本质

1）． ---What is your motherlike?     

  ---She is a very nice person．/She is very beautiful．/ She looks like her father．

2）． ---What is the weather going to be thisweekend?

  ---It is going to be fine．

42．虚拟语气中的重点句型

1）． I don’t have a cellphone． If I had one ，it would be convenient for me to contract others．

1）． If I had gone to the concert， I would have seen the famous singer．

1）． If I were not to take/ should take/ took theexam tomorrow， I would go shopping with you．

1）． Should he act like that again， he would be fined．=If he should act like that again， ……

  Were he to act like that again，he would be fined．=If he were to act like that again， ……

2）． Had the doctor come in time last night， the boy would have been saved．

3）． If I had time now， I would go to the film with you． （不可以倒装，因为句中的had不是助动词）

    But for…．--> If it were not for…．．/ If it hadn’t been for

1）． But for the determined captain， all the passengers on board wouldn’t havebeen saved．

If ithadn’t been for the determined captain，all the passengers on board……

2）． But for your rich parents， you wouldn’t live such a easy life．

If itwere not for your rich parents，you wouldn’t live such a easy life．

再suggest， insist，demand， require， request，order， advise， propose等表示建议、要求、命令、主张的动词引导的名词性从句中，从句的谓语动词要用（should ）do的形式

1）． Mother insisted that John （should）go to bed before 9 o’olock．

对比：He insisted that I had taken awayhis dictionary．（不是建议、要求、命令或主张）

2）． His suggestion that Tony （should）be invited to the party was refused．

对比：His words suggested that he wasvery angry with me．（不是建议、要求、命令）

43．替代句型：英语中为了避免重复，在比较从句中常用一些替代词来代替前文出现过的词。

   用助动词代替主句中的有关动词：

1）． I earn more than I did in the past．

2）． John spends as much time watching TV as hedoes writing．

3）． China is no longer what it was/used to be．

  代词代替前文出现过的有关名词：

that 代替指物的单数可数名词或抽象不可数名词，一般是特指的

those 代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是特指的=the ones

one  代替指人或指物的单数可数名词，一般是泛指的

ones 代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是泛指的

1）． The output of coal this year is twice asmuch as that of last year．

2）． The students in this class are more activethan those in that one．

3）． A bridge made of steel is stronger than onemade of stones．

4）． Small bananas usually taste better thanbigger ones．

1． Mr．Zhangis the kindest teacher that I have ever seen．

2． Nothing is more important than to receive education．

3． There is no denying that the qualities of our livinghave gone from bad to worse． 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

4． There is no doubt that our educational system leavessomething to be desired． 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

5． An advantage of using the solar energy is that itwon‘t create （produce） any pollution．

6． The reason why we have to grow trees is that they canprovide us with fresh air．

7． So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it． 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

8． Rich as our country is， the qualities of our living are by no meanssatisfactory． 虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

9． The harder you work， the more progress you make．你愈努力，你愈进步。

The morebooks we read， the more learned we become． 我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。

10． On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge． 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

11． Those who violatetraffic regulations should be punished．

12． We should spare no effort to beautify our environment．

1．表示比较和对照关系的句型：

1）A is to B what/ as C is to D（A之于B犹如C之于D）．

2）A and B have sth in common．/  A is similar to B． / A is just the opposite （to B）  

3）The same is true of…， （……也是如此）．

4）The advantages of A are much greater than B．/Compared with B， A has many

advantages． / The advantages outweigh the disadvantages（利大于弊）．

5）Wonderful as A is， however， it has its own disadvantages too．

6） ．．．varies from person to person（……是因人而异的）

7）A differs from B in ……（A不同于B在于……）

2．描写图表和数据的句型

1）The number is ．．．times as much as that of ．．．

2）The figure has nearly doubled，as against that of last year．

3）By comparison with ．．．， it decreased/increased/fell from．．．to．．．

4） ．．．rise rapidly（slowly）  /  ．．．reach．．．

3．图表作文中的过渡、概括句型：

1）As can be indicated in the table， ．．． / As is revealed in the table，．．．/  Asthe survey results show，．．．/  As is shown by the graph， ．．．/ This chart shows that  ．．．

2）According to the figures given in the table， ．．．

3）It can be seen from the chart that ．．．

4．说明原因的句型:

1）There are some/two/many good reasons for．．．/todo．．．

2） We have two good reasons for．．．

3）The reason for ．．． is that + 从句

4）There are several causes for this significant growth in．．． First．．．

5）A number of factors could account for the ．．．．

6）Therefore，/As a result，/For this reason，/Because of this，/Consequently，the prices are higher．

5．表示不同看法的句型:

1）Different people have/hold different opinions/views on thequestion/problem/matter．     

Some believe that ．．．; Others argue that ．．． :Still others maintain that ．．．

2）They are quite different from each other in their opinions．

3）They think quite differently on this question．

4）Opinions vary from individual to individual，from culture to culture．

6．表示必须，紧急，有困难做某事的句型:

1）It is important （necessary， urgent，difficult， easy， convenient，comfortable， expensive， desirable，advisable） for sb． to do sth．

2） ．．．have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/adifficult time （in）doing sth． （有困难做某事）

7．用于文章结尾的句型：

1）From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these factors， we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reachthe conclusion that ．．．

2）It is high time that we put considerable/great/special emphasis on ．．．

3）There is no immediate solution to the problem of．．．，but．．． might be helpful/beneficial．

4）There is no doubt/denying that ．．．

5）As far as ．．． be concerned， I believe/think that ．．．

6）In conclusion，．．． /   In my opinion，I am in favor of ．．．/  Personally， I prefer to．．．

7）In short，．．． should learn to．．．; Only in this way can the most difficultproblems be solved properly．

8．常用谚语（在议论文中）:

1）As a proverb says， “Everything has two sides”． On the one hand， physical exercise is good for your health． On the other hand， if you don’t deal with it properly， it will do harm to your health． So we should look at the matter from twosides．

3）As a proverb says， “Wherethere is a will there is a way．” （有志者事竟成）

4）As a popular saying goes，“A man is known by the company he keeps．”（观其交友，知其为人）

5）As is known to all， “No pains， no gains”．（没有苦，就没有甜）