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表时间介词用法讲解

 aazzmn 2013-10-25

表时间介词by,until(till)用法
(1)by表示“在……之前;到……为止”。通常只与表时间点的动词连用。如:
She'll have retired bu then.她到那时就要退休了
We had hoped to finish by four o'clock我们原希望四点钟前完成
I'll have left by Monday.(=any time befor and not later than)到星期一我就已离开了(=在星期一前不晚于星期一的任何时间)
You must finish your job by six o'clock.
你必须在六点之前完成这项工作。
By the time he got here,the meeting had been over.
他到这儿时,会议已结束了。
We had learned 5,000 words by the end of last year.
到去年年底为止,我们已学了五千多单词。
(2)until(till)”表示“直到……才…….”。通常只与表示一段时间的持续动词连用,如(stay,wait etc.),如:
She stayed until noon 她呆到中午才走
It may last till Friday 这可能得持续到星期五
I remain in london till May我在伦敦呆到五月
She didn't go home until lunch time.
直到午饭时间她才回家。
We waited until 10 o'clock last night.
昨晚我们一直等到十点钟。
注意:until 与瞬间动词(点动词)连用时,必须用否定式;而与延续性动词连用时,用肯定式。
My father didn’t buy me a bike until last week.
我父亲直到上星期才给我买了一辆自行车。(buy 是瞬间动词,所以用否定)
You can keep this book till next month.
这本书你可以借到下个月。(keep是延续性动词,用肯定式) 

表时间介词from,since,after用法
(1) from表示“从……时起”。一般都是用词组from……to…, from用于现在时,过去时和将来时。例如:
from ten o'clock to twelve o'clock
从十点到十二点
from this year 从今年开始
from Sunday 从星期天开始
from day to night 从白天到黑夜
The meeting will be held from eight to ten.
这个会议将从8点开到10点。
某些由from…to…构成的习语通常不带冠词:
from house to house 挨家挨户
from time to time 不时地
from day to day 一天天地
from head to foot 从头至脚, 全身
from beginning to end从头至尾
from hand to mouth 赚一点吃一点, 仅能糊口
注意:from…to,  until / till
from----to表示从某一点时间到另一点时间的一段时间,而until / till表示某动作或状态延续到某点时间如:
My mother studied in Beijing University from 1960 to 1964.
从1960年到1964年我妈妈在北京大学学习。
My mother entered Beijing University in 1960, and studied there until 1964.
我妈妈1960年进入北京大学,一直学习到1964年。(但“从早到晚”常表达为from morning till night)
(2)since表示“自过去某一时刻或行为以来”。经常用于含有完成时的句子里,后面跟过去某一时间点;since还可以用作副词和连词。例如:
They came to Beijing in 1950 and have lived here since then.
一九五O年他们来到北京,以后就一直住在这儿。
He's worked on the farm since he left the army.
(自从)他离开部队以来,一直在农场工作。
(3)after  可以表示过去某一点时间之后,并不延续说话时间,和一般过去连用,而since表示从过去某时间开始的一段时间延续到说话时间, 与现在完时连用 如;
My father lived in Shanghai after liberation .
解放后我父亲住在上海.
Since the end of last year the lady has given five concerts.
自去年年底以来,这位女士开了五十场音乐会

表时间介词for,during,through用法
(1)for引导一段时间,强调时间由始至终,可译为“(时间)长达……”,一般与有长度的时间短语连用,如for three weeks, for a long time 等,可用于现在(过去)完成时或过去时的句子里。例如:
He studied English for three years.
他学了三年英语。
The French teacher has been in China for about a month.
这位法国老师在中国已经大约一个月了。
注意:for和since都常与完成时连用,但for接时间段,since接时间点。如for two hours(持续)两小时;since last week从上周直到现在。
(2)during意为“在……期间”,与一段时间的整体连用。如:during the spring, during last year, during l980等,也可以和表示延续性事件的名词连用,如during my childhood. during our stay, during his visit等,一般不用于现在完成时的句子里。例如:
During the winter we play football.
冬季我们踢足球。
Many comrades went to see him during his illness.
在他生病期间许多同志去看望了他。
I went to France for two weeks during the summer. 夏天我去了法国两个星期。
(3)through表示“从……开始到……结束(全过程)”例如:
It is very hot through the whole summer this year.
今年整个夏季都很热。
They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他们都在努力工作。

表时间介词in,within 用法
(1)in, within皆可表示事情发生的整个时期或一段时间内,in强调事情发生的全部过程的时间,有完成的意思;within强调事情发生的全过程不超过...时间。
In和within表示"在…以内"时,可互相代替使用,但句子中的动词必须是非延续性动词。
But the ice cream will melt within a few minutes, too.
但这冰淇淋在几分钟内也会化掉的。
Trust him, he will be back here in (within) a few minutes.
相信他,他会在几分钟之内赶回来。
(2)in表示“过……之后”,多用于将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)例如:
in ten minutes 十分钟之后
in two weeks 两周之后
The delegation will arrive in three days.
代表团将于三天后到达。
They said they would return home in a week.
他们说他们一周后回家。
注意:1.如动词是非延续性动词,如come, see, stop, arrive等,介系词in表示"在…以后";
In 表示以现在为起点, 谈将来的情况;after表示从某一时刻算起的一定时间之后。
I'll come back in about one hour.
我大约一小时后回来。
I'll be back shortly after ten o'clock.
我十点过一点回来。
2.如动词是持续动词,如learn, work, study等,介系词in表示"在…以内"。
It looks like rain in an hour or two.
噢,看起来一两个小时内要下雨。
Remember? I once covered a distance of 5 miles in two hours.
记得吗?我曾经在两小时内跑了五英里。
(3)within意为“在……以内”,指在一定时间内。例如:
I don't think he will go away within three days.
我想他在三天之内不会离开。
within还可以表示距离,意为“不远于”,“在……(距离)之内”。例如:
The bus stop is within fifty meters of the station.
公共汽车站离火车站不到50米远。 

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