英语中的省略

英语中的省略

为了避免重复，使语言简洁，英语中常常用多种方式省略句中某个成分；近凡年NMET单项选择题设计中，常有意省略试题中某些重要信息，增加试题难度。做这类题要注意语境分析，运用有关省略句知识，找出解题的关键。下面就中学英语课本中出现的省略现象加以归纳解析，供同学们复习时参考。

一、主语和谓语省略

1. --- Can I join your club, Dad？

--- You can when you____a bit older.

A. get   B. will get  C. are getting   D. will have got

析:答案A。主句“you can”后承前省略了部分谓语“join our club”。

2. --- How long has this bookshop been in business.

--- ____1982.

A. After  B.ln  C.From   D.Since

析:答案D。根据结构和句意，该题承前省略了整个主谓部分This bookshop has been in business, 只留下since 1982。

二、宾语省略

--- Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?

--- ____.

A. I don't believe  B. I don't believe it  C. I believe not so  D. I believe not

析:答案D。这是一个习惯表达法。很明显，该题省略了宾语从句，只留下了关键的否定副词not。完整句子为: 1 don't believe it's going to rain over the weekend. 这里也可以用I don’t believe so.  So代替省略了的宾语从句。

三、比较级、最高级中的省略

The piano in the other shop will be____, but____.

A. cheaper; not as better  B. more cheap: not as better 

C. cheaper; not as good   D. more cheap: not as good

析:答案C。从语境看，要表达的意思是“另一家商店的钢琴会便宜些，但不如（这家店的钢琴质量）好”，可见“not as good”是they are not as good as those in this shop的省略。

四、不定式的省略

1. --- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

--- l’d like to, ____I’m too busy.

A. and  B. so  C. as  D. but

析:答案D。根据语境，句意为“我今晚想去吃饭，但我太忙了不能去”。该题利用不定式的两次省略，为连词的选择设置障碍。把句子完整组织起来应该是:l’d like to (go to dinner tonight), but I’m too busy (to go).

2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him____.

A. not to  B. not to do  C. not do it  D. do not to

析:答案A。不定式符号to后原型动词省略，完整起来应是。“but his mother told him not to ride his bike in the street”。

另外，在中学英语课本中还常见其它一些结构性省略。如:

1. lt is said (that) he will leave for Shanghai on Sunday. (用it作形式主语时，主语从句中的that可省略。)

2. 1 was still so angry (that) I decided to tell him what I thought of him. （在so…that结构中，that可省略。）

3. lt is he (who/that) worked out the maths problem.（在强调句型“lt is... who/that”强调主语的结构中，who /that可省略。）

4. The books（that/which）you lent me were very useful. （关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略。)

    5. He told me (that) you were a clever boy and that you were also honest. （宾语从句引导词that省略，但并列的宾语从句中，第一句的that 可略，其后的不可省略。）