英语翻译技巧——省略法 一、从语法角度来看 (一)省代词 1.省略作主语的人称代词 (1)省略作主语的人称代词 I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. I put my hand into my pocket. She listened to me with her rounded eyes. (二)代词it的省略 Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15. It took me a long time to reach the hospital.
我花了很长时间才到了医院。 It is the people who are really powerful. 人民才是最强大的。 (三)省略连接词 He looked gloomy and troubled. 他看上去有些忧愁不安。(省略并列连接词) As it is late, you had better go home. 时间不早了,你最好回家去吧。(省略表示原因的连接词) If sinter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?(省略表示条件的连接词) If I had known it, I would not have joined in to. 早知如此,我就不参加了。(省略表示条件的连接词) John rose gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother. 火车停了,约翰郁郁地站了起来,因为他想起了病中的母亲。(省略表示时间的连接词) (四)省略冠词 1.英语有冠词,汉语没有冠词;因此,英译汉时往往可将冠词省略。 A teacher should have patience in his work. The horse is a useful animal. It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past. The moon was slowly rising above the sea. 2.英译汉时,省略原文中的冠词是一般情况。但在某些场合,冠词却不能省略,可以翻译为"一个,每一,这个,那个"等。例如: He left without saying a word. Egbert said he was getting a dollar a mile. This is the book you wanted. (五)省略介词 1.省略表示时间的前置词 The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. 比较:中华人民共和国成立于一九四九年。 (介词译成汉语在句首时可以省略,在句尾就没有省略) On July 1, 1997, Hongkong returned to the People's Republic of China. 2.省略表示地点的前置词 Smoking is prohibited in public places. In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South. He stood by the desk. I stayed in my brother's house. (四)省略动词 When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low. Delivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order. 二、从修辞角度看 (一)英语句子中有些短语重复出现,或者具有相同意义的词重复出现,英译汉时可按情况作适当省略。 University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason. (二)根据汉语习惯,译文中可以省略一些可有可无的词。 There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead. |
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