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主谓一致 一、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 Tom ________（is / are）a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often ________（plays / play）football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2. 意义一致原则：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 My family ________（is / are）having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars ________（is / are）too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 3. 就近一致原则：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students ________（like / likes）playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There ________（is / are）a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 二、主谓一致常考题型 ☆1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式；复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。 The desk ________（is / are）Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 Some water ________（is / are）in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students ________（is / are）playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 2. more than one + 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 More than one student ________（has / have）ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 ☆3. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。 Two months ________（is / are）a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds ________（is / are）not so heavy. 2 0磅并不太重。 Ten miles ________（is / are）not a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four ________（is / are）one. 5减4等于1。 4. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 Each boy and each girl ________（has / have）got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman ________（is / are）at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 5. one and a half + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half hours ________（is / are）enough. 一个半小时足够了。 ☆6. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 To see ________（is / are）to believe. 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises ________（is / are）good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 7. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 A student or two ________（like / likes）to listen to this new teacher’s class. 一两个学生喜欢听这位新老师的课。 ☆8. 当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。 Mike with his father ________（has / have）been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike, like his brother, ________（enjoy / enjoys）playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher ________（was / were）present at the meeting. 开会的时候，学生们和老师都在场。 9. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同 一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。 The writer and teacher ________（is / are）coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher ________（is / are）coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) A knife and fork ________（is / are）on the table. 桌子上放着一副刀叉。 ☆10. people, police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个一个的具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 People here ________（is / are）very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family ________（is / are）not large. 他家的人不多。 My family all ________（like / likes）watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 ☆11. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。 ________（Is / Are）everyone here today? 今天大家到齐了吗？ Something ________（is / are）wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody ________（was / were）in. 没有人在家。 ☆12. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Each of them ________（has / have）an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer ________（is / are）correct. 两个答案都不正确。 ☆13. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等。 No news ________（is / are）good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths ________（is / are）very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 ☆14. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；由or, either…or…， neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。但是如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。 Either my wife or I ________（am / is / are）going. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else ________（know / knows）the answer. Not only you but also he ________（is / are）ready to leave. Each of us ________（has / have）got a new story book. Neither of the books ________（is / are）very interesting. 15. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 A number of students ________（is / are）going to visit this place of interest. The number of the students ________（is / are）over 800 16．以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。 There ________（is / are）a book and three pens on the desk. Here ________（is / are）some books and paper for you. ☆17. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。 The poor ________（is / are）very happy, but the rich ________（is / are）sad. The beautiful ________（live / lives）forever. 美是永存的。 三、肯定与否定一致 下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。 We've had some (money).→ We haven't had _____________ (money). I was talking to someone.→ I wasn't talking to _____________. They sometimes visit us.→ They rarely (never, seldom) visit us. He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived _____________. Li is coming, too.→ Li isn't coming, _____________. Both of us are going.→ Neither of us are going. He likes both of them.→ He doesn't like either of them. ☆注意：so / neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。 My wife likes classic music very much and so do I. She doesn't like jazz and neither do I. 主谓一致专项练习题 （ ）1. Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are （ ）2. Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isn’t B. is C. aren’t D. are （ ）3. —How many lessons do you usually have a day? —Six lessons a day. And each of them _____45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are （ ）4. Neither Li Ping nor I _______a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are （ ）5. There ______ many new words in Lesson One, but it is very easy. A. is B. aren’t C. isn’t D. are （ ）6. The number of the students in our school ____1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have （ ）7. Maths _______ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are （ ）8. The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are sleeping （ ）9. Everyone except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was （ ）10. That place is not interesting at all. ____of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some （ ）11. Nobody but Jane _____ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is （ ）12. —What’s on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it? —There _____some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were （ ）13. This pair of glasses ______mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be （ ）14. Both Lily and Lucy ______ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited （ ）15. —Two months ______quite a long time. —Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were （ ）16. If Bob's wife doesn't agree to go on a holiday in winter, __________. A. neither he will B. neither won't he C. neither will he D. he won't neither （ ）17. His family _____all very kind and friendly, and his family ______a happy one. A. are, is B. is, is C. are, are D. is, are （ ）18. The singer and the dancer _____come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is （ ）19. I haven't finished my homework yet. ____________. A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasn't either （ ）20. All but one _____ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were
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