关于interesting与interested之类孪生词 诸如interesting与interested此类成对的孪生形容词,常使人扑朔迷离。初学者面临抉往往踟蹰再三,莫衷一是,似乎使用起来大有动辄犯禁之虞。兹略举数句错例如下: 1) *The volleyball match yesterday was excited. 2) *The inspired news came to us. 3) *Are you pleasing with his reply? 以上,句1)应使用exciting;句2)应使用inspiring;句3)应使用pleased。 为什么? 就interesting与interested而言,这两个形容词都是由及物动词interest(使……感兴趣)派生而来的。其区别在于: 1. 语义上, interesting属外向性质的词,用于指人、事、物的外在影响方面,意为“使(外)人感兴趣的”; interested属内向性质的词,用于指人的内心感受方面,意为“(内心)对……感兴趣的”。试比较: 那个有趣的老人天天到我们学校来。 4b)An interested foreigner came and visited our school. 一位感兴趣的外国人来参观我们学校。 这本书在我看来很有趣。 5b)I’m interested in this book. 我对这本书很感兴趣。 同样地: 这是一个极其令人混淆的问题。 (外在影响) 6b)The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much. 要学生学太多的话,他们会搞糊涂的。 (内心感受) 这男孩真使人失望,又考不及格了。 (外在影响) 7b)The parents are disappointed in the boy. 父母亲对这男孩感到失望。 (内心感受) 究其根源,interesting等属现在分词,而interested等属过去分词。从语态(voice)的角度来认识,现在分词体现主动含义,过去分词体现被动含义。故前者用于表达“外在影响”,而后者用于表达“内心感受”。 2. 用法上, interesting既可以作表语(如例句 interested多在句中作表语(如例句5b,6b,7b),但偶尔也可以作定语(如例句4b)。作表语时,其主语通常只能是人(如例句5b,6b,7b),不能是事或物;作定语时,也只能修饰人(如例句4b),而不能修饰事或物。道理是,人既可以表现其“外在影响”,又可以表现其“内心感受”,但事或物则只能表现其“外在影响”,又无法表达其什么“内心感受”,这便是各自囿于本身的词汇意义的缘故。 此类孪生词均由一些表示心理状态的及物动词派生而来。主要有:alarm(使惊慌),amaze(使惊异),amuse(使发笑),annoy(使烦火),astonish(使惊讶),astound(使惊恐),bewilder(使迷惑),bore(使厌烦),cheer(使兴奋),confuse(使混淆),delight(使高兴),depress(使消沉),disappoint(使失望),discourage(使沮丧),encourage(使鼓舞),excite(使激动),exhaust(使筋疲力尽),frighten(使害怕),gratify(使满足),horrify(使恐惧),inspire(使激励),interest(使兴趣),irritate(使费解),move(使感动),perplex(使困惑),please(使愉快),puzzle(使费解),refresh(使精力恢复),satisfy(使满意),shock(使震惊),surprise(使惊奇),terrify(使恐怖),tire(使疲乏),torment(使痛苦),vex(使烦恼),worry(使担心)等等。 【Exercises】Fill in each blank with a proper word from those given in brackets 1. It was really ______ to miss a train. He felt ______ when he found himself cheated. (annoying / annoyed) 2. Travelling is ______ but ______. We are ______ in traveling, but we often feel ______ when we are back from our travels. (interesting / interested; tiring / tired) 3. What ______ news! Everybody was ______ at the result of the experiment. (disappointing / disappointed) 4. His kind words were very ______. Though we had lost the match, we were ______ and were determined to train harder. (encouraging / encouraged) 5. These colours are very ______ to the eye. The boy was very ______ with his birthday gift. (pleasing / pleased) 6. The old woman was ______ when she tried cooking with electricity. The picture was so ______ that all the children cried out in fear when they saw it. (frightening / frightened) 7. I was ______ when I heard my brother’s voice outside the window. I thought he was still away in 【Answers】1. annoying, annoyed 2. interesting, tiring, interested, tired 3. disappointing, disappointed 4. encouraging, encouraged 5. pleasing, pleased 6. frightened, frightening 7. surprised, surprising |
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