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最新定语从句讲解与练习 一、 定语从句考点、难点 （一）定语从句的基本知识以及常见错误思路 在做定语从句练习时，避免一下错误观点： 先行词表示时间用 when引导定语从句× 先行词表示地点用where引导定语从句× 先行词表示原因（reason） 用why 引导定语从句× 正确的思路: 看先行词在定语从句中所做的成分，做主语\宾语用关系代词。 介词+ which =关系副词 （介词+ which表示时间=when; 表示地点=where; for which表示原因=why） 第一步, 确定主句和先行词（定语从句所修饰的词） 第二步，把先行词放在不完整的句子中（定语从句），构成一个完整的句子（考虑定语从句的谓语有时需要加入适当的介词，才能放入先行词） 第三步，选用适当的关系代词或副词替代。 第四步， 把关系代词或副词放在定语从句句首，然后放在先行词的后边 Example : The man ______________ you talked just now is my neighbor. A that B with which C with whom D whom 第一步：主句：The man is my neighbor; 先行词：the man 第二步：the man 放在定语从句中，不可以说you talked the man just now,.根据talk 的词法知识，需要加介词with 才能跟宾语： you talked with the man just now 第三步：the man 在定语从句充当宾语，指人，我们用whom 替代 You talked about whom just now 第四步：The man whom you talked with just now is my neighbor.根据所给答案，我们可以判断，定语从句的介词with 提前，因此我们选Ｃ （二）定语从句考点、难点分析 1 ⑴当先行词是everything, anything, nothing ,something , all, none, few, little, some 等不定代词时, 或当先行词前面有every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等不定数量词的时候, 绝大多数情况下要全用that。 (2) 当先行词前有序数词时 (3) 当先行词前有最高级修饰时 (4) 当先行词被the very, the only修饰时 (5) 当先行词前面已经用了who, which 等疑问代词时。 (6) 当先行词含有人与物时用that 例如： ① All ______ is needed is a supply of oil.(89) B A the thing B that C which D what ② Finally the thief handed everything ______ he had stolen to the police (87) D A which B what C whatever D that ③ Who is the man _________ you talked to just now ?D A who B which C whom D that ④ Which is the T-shirt _________fits you most? A A that B who C whom D which 2 表示所有关系：先行词指人用whose; 指物用 whose, the …..of which, of which the…….. ① Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable. (2000上海) C ②. George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (04北京）(D) A the real name B what his real name C his real name D whose real name 在①中，还可以用whose price 或of which the price 3 先行词是the way( 方式/方法)，如果从句不缺少主语，宾语，表语，用that/in which/省略 What surprised me was not what he said but __________ he said it. （04湖北） (A) A．the way B．in the way that C．in the way D．the way which 比较:Teachers of young children should be prepared in ways that acknowledge differences in language and cultural background and should emphasize reading as an integral part of language arts as well as the total curriculum. Ways 是先行词，但先行词在从句中作主语，因此用 that,还可以用which, 但不可以用in which, 也不可以省略。 Is this the right way that /which leads to the station? 这里way 不表示方式，而是道路，在定语从句做主语，因此用that/which 4 疑问句式转换成陈述句，确定先行词,这类定语从句有时需要填先行词，而定语从句的引导词省略 ① Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? (D) A. that B. where C. which D. the one ② Is this the factory _____ some foreign friends visited last Friday? (A) A. that B. where C. what D. the one ③ Is this the factory _____ your father works ?(A) A where B that C the one D the one where ④ Is this factory _____ your father works ? (D) A which B that C the one D the one where Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born？(1988) A．at where B．which C．in which D．at which 5 定语从句与名词性从句区别：关键：是否有先行词；把句子分成两个或若干简单句。名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语时用what(whatever)/ who(whoever), 表示选择关系（哪一个。。。。用which/whichever ）在名词性从句中做表语, 表示在……的地方，用where(example： I have no idea where he is） A 定语从句与主语从句的区别 ① _____________ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.（2007陕西）C A.That B.Which C.What D.As 句子中没有先行词，而parents say and do 缺少宾语，因此，要找到一个引导主语从句，同时又在主语从句中充当宾语的连词（what/whatever, whom/whoever, 表示选择which/whichever）,因此我们选择C 如果题干部分改成 Everything __________parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.（2007陕西）C A.that B.which C.what D.as 我们第一步先找出先行词everything 主句谓语has,把完整的主句分开不予考虑（Everything has a life-long effect on their children），只考虑那个不完整的分句：parents say and do缺少宾语，因此，先行词everything 在主语从句充当宾语，用A ② Anyone ______can work out the problem in an hour will be given a prize. (A) A who B不填 C whoever D whom 词句中有先行词anyone,主句完整：anyone will be given a prize. 分析不完整的从句：can work out the problem 缺少主语，因此先行词anyone 在定语从句中做主语，因此选A。 如果本题的题干部分是 _______ can work out the problem in an hour will be given a prize. A who B不填 C whoever D whom 我们找不到先行词，will be given a prize 和can work out the problem 都缺少主语，因此，我们判断：本题需要一个引导主语从句，同时又在主语从句中做主语的连词，因此，选择C。 关于who 与whoever, what 与whatever 的区别将在名词性从句一章分析。 ③________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. （01全国）（B） A. it B. As C. That D. What 主句完整：the moon travels round the earth once every month.,从句: is known to everybody 缺少主语。被人众所周知的是the moon travels round the earth once every month.，因此，所填关系代词代替整个句子，选择B. 如果题干部分是 _______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month 我们可以看到that 引导主语从句the moon travels round the earth once every month，而谓语部分是is known to everybody. 主语从句后置，因此我们选择A ,it 充当形式主语 ③ It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.(2009天津) D A. as B. which C. whether D. that It 充当形式主语，因此选择D ，that 引导真正的主语从句 ④ ________ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.（2008福建）B A .It B. What C.As D Which 此题干中，is known to us all, is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing都缺少主语，因此，我们需要一个连词，引导主语从句，同事时又在主语从句充当主语，因此选择B ⑤ was most important to her，she told me，was her family.(2008山东) C A. It B. This C What D As B 定语从句与宾语从句区别 ⑴ 定语从句与动词后宾语从句区别 ① I will do everything _______I can to help you. Ａ which B that C what D whatever 主句完整I will do everything。先行词everything.定语从句I can (do) 缺少宾语，因此先行词在定语从句充当宾语，选择B 如果题干是I will do _______I can to help you. Ａ which B that C what D all what 主句I will do 不完整，缺少宾语，找不出先行词，因此，后面从句是do 的宾语从句，引导宾语从句又在宾语从句做宾语的，表示物，选C ⑵ 介词后的wh 从句和介词+which/whom 引导的宾语从句 ① You could see the runners very well from ______ we stood. ② During my stay in the United States I visited the factory in ________ Kisses chocolate is made. 做题思路 1 假设是定语从句， 那么介词 属于定语从句的介词提前，把介词放回到后面一个句子合适的位置， 先行词要在介词前面的句子中（主句）出现， 把假设的先行词放入后面一个句子中，如果句子成分完整，意义通顺，说明假设成立（定语从句），否则，就是介词后面的宾语从句 2 介词后面宾语从句思路：如果从句中少主语，宾语,首先考虑的是what（whatever）， who（whom/whomever/whoever） ,有时表示选择意义（哪一个, 用which）,表示所有关系，用whose，如果不缺少主语，宾语，介词后的宾语从句根据句子提供的语境选择where. when why how, whether) （例①中；假设是定语从句，介词from是后面一个句子的介词提前，放回到后面一个句子中（ we stood from）； 先行词在介词前面的主句中，只有两个词复合条件（you, runners）,分别放入假设的定语从句中 we stood from you; we stood from the runner 这两个句子都无意义，因此假设不成立，这个句子是介词后的宾语从句； 根据介词后宾语从句做题思路；we stood 不缺少主语、宾语，因此在where. when why how, whether 选择；根据句子的语境可以选出where 是正确答案） （例句② 中，假设是定语从句，那么介词in 是后面一个句子的介词，放回到后面一个句子中； 先行词在介词前面的句子中出现，the factory; 把the factory 放入到假设的定语从句中Kisses chocolate is made in the factory.句子成分完整，意义通顺，假设成立，因此是定语从句，用 which） 语法语篇训练 ③ A modern city has been set up in ________ was a wasteland ten years ago . ( 04 天津 )A ④ Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _______________. ( 88 )Ａ A. where he is most needed B. where he needed C. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly needed C 定语从句与表语从句区别 ① Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _________ it was 20 years ago， _______ it was so poorly equipped.（2005安徽） A. when B. that; which C. what; which D .which; that No longer 在此句中不能充当先行词，因此，词句不是定语从句而是表语从句；引导表语从句同时又在表语从句充当表语,因此选择what 排除B D； 后半句it was so poorly equipped不缺少主语、宾语，而which 引导任何从句都做主语或宾语（偶尔做定语 What puzzled me was which way I should follow）,因此，排除C。 正确答案是A。 如果本题题干为 Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer the small school______ it was 20 years ago， when it was so poorly equipped. school 是先行词，因此后面是定语从句。It was 20 years ago 缺少表语，引导定语从句又在定语从句充当表语，因此用 that ⑵ Mary has changed a lot. She is no longer the simple minded girl ______ she used to be. A what B that C who D whom 主句she is no longer the simple-minded girl 完整，girl 充当先行词，因此后面是定语从句；she used to be 缺少表语，引导限定性定语从句又在定语从句充当表语，用that .因此，选B. 如果本题题干为： Mary has changed a lot. She is no longer ______ she used to be.就需要用what 引导表语从句。 词句不用who/whom 。 who/whom 表示一个人的身份，不是随着时间变化的： A： Who is the man over there ? B: He is my elder brother. what 可以用来询问一个人的外貌和性格特点 D 同位语：从两个方面区分：内容上：同位语从句阐明所修饰名词的内容，因此可以提问what is……;如果能回答此问题，说明是同位语从句， 如果是定语从句，则不能回答这个问题； 形式上：主句完整（不缺少主语、宾语、表语），不能把分句所修饰的名词放入分句中；定语从句所修饰的名词，即先行词，可以放入定语从句，成为两个独立的句子。 ① I can hardly believe the news _______the manager was arrested by the police. ② I can hardly believe the news __________ Jack told us. A that B which C what D as 在①中，可以回答问题what is the news ?(the manager was arrested.); news 不能放入分句中the manager was arrested by the police，因此是同位语从句，用that. 在②中，无法回答问题what is the news. News放入分句Jack told us the news充当宾语，构成两个独立的句子，因此是定语从句,用that/which 或省略 6 定语从句与地点状语从句区别 ① You should make it a rule to leave things _________ you can find them again A. when B. where C. in which D. there 虽然从句位于名词things后面，但不是定语从句，不修饰things;如果假设后面的句子是定语从句，就把things放入定语从句进行检查，看是否构成两个独立的句子，显然假设是不成立的。因此，选择B where,不选C。介词+ which 是定语从句引导词。 常见的典型的地点状语从句句型 put(leave/keep/find) sth where make a mark where sth is built/found where………………. take a photo where 在这些地点状语从句中，不要选择介词+which. ② A number of high buildings have arisen _______ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. B ③ If you are traveling ______ the customs are really foreign to your own，please do as the Romans do. D ④ The photo was taken ______ stood the famous Bird’s Nest in Beijing during the Olympics C 7 先行词与定语从句分离 ① Robots already exist _______ have a certain limited ability to think. A what B that C where D as 词句的谓语exist 很短，而主语Robots 带有定语从句，为了避免头重脚轻，把定语从句和先行词分开。 ② The days are gone forever___________ the Chinese people used "foreign oil" A that B which C when D where The days 先行词，做主语，谓语很短，为了避免头重脚轻，把定语从句后置。 8 含有干扰成分 ① He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science. 先行词discovery, I think 在句子中干扰思路，但如果按照定语从句的分析思路，把先行词放入定语从句，不难选出正确答案A I think the discovery is of great importance to science. ②The policeman soon picked out the person _____ he thought might be the thief. A who B whom C which D when 先行词the person,放入定语从句：he thought the person might be the thief.在从句中做主语，因此选A 但是，不要死记硬背，认为含有I think, I believe等干扰成分的句子时，先行词如果指人，都用who而不用whom ③ Cathy is a nice girl ______ we think is worthy of the honor ④ Cathy is a nice girl ______ we think to be worthy of the honor A whom B who C which D as 在③ 中，先行词girl 在定语从句中充当主语，we think the girl is worthy of the honor,因此用B who; 在④中，尽管有干扰成分 we think,先行词仍然在定语从句中充当宾语 We thin the girl to be worthy of the honor.因此，选A whom 9 先行词不表示具体地点，但仍然用where 引导,先行词是occasion时，用when ① After graduation she reached a point in her career ____ she had to decide what to do. (2007江西卷) D A. that B. what C. which D. where ② Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases _____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (2007陕西卷)D A. which B. as C. why D. where ③ I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.( 09浙江) B A. which B. where C. how D. why ④ Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with the kids. (08山东)D A. who B. which C. why D. when ⑤. Sales director is a position ______communication ability is just as important as sales skills.(2012重庆) D A. which B. that C. when D. where 10 定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的数保持一致 ① I, who ____ your best friend, will spare no effort to help you out of the trouble.（am） ② She is one of the girls who ______(enjoy) wearing jewelry. (enjoy) ③ She is the only one of the girls in our class who ______(enjoy) wearing jewelry.(enjoys) ① am 先行词I ② enjoy先行词girls ③ enjoys , 先行词the only one 11 定语从句与并列句，独立主格结构区别 ① Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _____ wanted to buy it. (2007安徽卷)D A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 如果题干部分有连词and: Last week, only two people came to look at the house, and _____ wanted to buy it. 就是一个并列句，应该用neither of them或both of them ② He paid the boy ＄10for washing the windows，most of ______ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year．(1990) D A．these B．those C．that D．which 如果题干部分有连词and He paid the boy ＄10for washing the windows，and most of ______ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year．就是并列句，用them. 如果题干部分两个分句之间是分好，仍然用them He paid the boy ＄10for washing the windows; most of them hadn't been cleaned for at least a year． 如果后面一个分句的动词时非谓语形式，就是一个独立主格结构，用them He paid the boy ＄10for washing the windows, most of ______ not cleaned for at least a year ③. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.( 2012四川) C A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them More practice ① China has many airlines, most of _____ offer international airline service. ② China has many airlines and most of _______ offer international airline service. ③ China has many airlines; most of _________ offer international airline service. ④ China has many airlines ， most of _______ offering international airline service. ⑤ The Whites have two sons, both of _______ work as engineers ⑥ The Whites have two sons and both of _______ work as engineers ⑦ The Whites have two sons; both of _______ work as engineers ⑧ The Whites have two sons, both of _______ working as engineers ① which 定语从句，先行词airlines ② them , and 连接的并列句，代替airlines③ them 分号连接的并列句④ them 独立主格结构，offering 是非谓语形式，因此不是一个完整的句子，不需要连词 ⑤ whom 定语从句，修饰先行词sons ⑥ them, and 连接的并列句 ⑦them ， 分号连接的并列句 ⑧ them 独立主格结构 。 该非限制性定语从句结构形式： …. . some/both sentence (完整句子，句首没有引导词)， ….. none of which/whom ……… all 有时of which 提前 Indonesia has over 17,000 islands, of which only 6000 are inhabited 12 定语从句与强调句型 ① A: Where did you get to know her? B: It was on the farm，_____ we worked. (2007山东卷)D A. that B. there C. which D. where 此句是强调句型，但强调部分省略了， where引导的是定语从句。强调句型中包含定语从句的句式也是较常见的 分析下列句式 ② It was in the middle of the night _____ most people were asleep ______ the murder took place. B A that , when B when , that C which, when D that , which ③ It was on the playground ______ children often play football _______ I found this watch. B A that , where B where , that C that, which D which, where 这两个例句中都是在强调句型中插入定语从句。 13 定语从句的倒装形式 ① I used to live in a house, in front of _________ grew a tall tree. ② Soon she reached a small river, on both sides of _______grew beautiful flowers ① which 非限制性定语从句，限制修饰先行词house, 表示地点的介词短语放在句首，定语从句用了倒装形式 ② which,修饰限制先行词river 14 as 不代表句子引导定语从句（ such as such that / th e same as / the same that 的区别） Such修饰先行词用as 引导定语从句， the same 修饰先行词，如果表示同一个用that引导，如果不是同一个，只是同样的，用as 引导； as many/much修饰先行词，或so+形容词修饰先行词， 用as引导定语从句。 在such that 句型中，that不做任何句子成分，引导结果状语从句， 而引导定语从句的as 做主语，宾语，表语 ① His plan was such a good one _____ we all agreed to accept it ② Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an (= such a difficult) examination problem ________ none of us worked out. ③ It was such a difficult problem _____ neither of the college students worked it out. ④ They had such a fierce dog ______no one dared to go near their house. ⑤ As many members _______ were present at the meeting were in favor of the plan. ⑦ I bought the same dress _____ you were wearing yesterday. ① that不做句子成分，引导结果状语从句② so+形容词（difficult）修饰先行词，用as引导定语从句，在定语从句充当宾语③ that不做句子成分，引导结果状语从句④that不做句子成分，引导结果状语从句⑤ as many 修饰先行词，用 as 引导定语从句，在定语从句充当主语⑥ the same 修饰先行词， 表示同一个，用that 引导定语从句，that 在定语从句充当宾语⑦the same 修饰先行词，不表示同一个只表示相同类型的，用 as 引导定语从句，在定语从句充当宾语。 15 代替整个句子as/ which 如果代替后面出现的句子，或是把从句插入到主句中，用as 如果代替前面的句子，既可以用as,也可以用which。但as 表示意义一致，有 “正如，就像….一样”的含义；有些as 的习惯搭配，如： as it is, as is often the case, as is usual with sb, as is clear等 ① A lot of language learning, _____ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. ( 2012安徽)A A. as B. it C. which D. this ②. The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. (2012福建) C A. that B. it C. as D. what ③ It is the third time that she has won the race, ____ has surprised us all.( 2012陕西) A. that B. where C. which D. what ④ Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset. （2011北京卷） A. who B. which C. what D. that More examples: ① A lot of differences exist between us, _________ of course made it difficult for us to reach an agreement. ② ___________ was mentioned above, this method is the most effective at present. ③ He rises early and takes a walk in the morning , ____ is quite usual with him. ④ He refused to attend his ex-wife’s wedding ceremony, _____ was expected. ⑤ He took advantage of the girl’s innocence and cheated her, ____ was unexpected. ⑥ Shengzhou Ⅶ, _______ everyone hoped, landed successfully. …………………………….., as we hoped/expected./as is known to all/expected/planned….. ……………………………, as we all know, ……………………………, as is known to everybody. ………………………….., as has been said before. ……………………………, as is clear ……………………………., as is often the case. ……………………………., as it is ……………………………., as is usual with sb. ①代替前面一个句子，没有 “像…..一样”的含义，用which; ②代替后面一个句子，用as ③ as is usual with sb。 as 的习惯搭配； ④代替前面一个句子，表示 “像…..一样”，用as ⑤ 代替前面一个句子，没有 “像…..一样”的含义，用which ⑥ 插入到主句中，代替Shengzhou Ⅶ landed successfully, 用 as. 16 which 引导定语从句，同时又在定语从句中做定语in which case/ by which time等 ① I got to the cinema at 7 o’clock, _________ the film bad been on for half an hour.（by which time） ② I stayed in Colorado for 4 months, ____________ I visited a lot of historic sites of the state.(during which time) ③ The president may refuse to invest in the project, ______ the project can’t be carried out.( in which case) 17 prep+ which+ to do相当于定语从句 ① She has only $1.87, with which to buy Jim a present.(She has only &1,87, with which she could buy Jim a present ② There are no sufficient grounds, on which to base his judgment(There are no sufficient grounds, on which he can base his judgment) ③ They had only some stones , with which to build their houses.(They had only some stones, with which they could build their houses 18 but 引导定语,相当于who/that no ① There is no student but faces the problem(There is no student who doesn’t face the problem) ② There is nobody but has some trouble.(There is nobody who does not have any trouble) 19定语从句与同位语短语 ① Helping others is a habit, ____ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one（2010山东卷32题） ② Miss Smith is a strict but good teacher, _____often cares about our life and study at school, A. one who B. whoever C. the one D. the person ③ In his lecture, the professor referred to the belief, in contrast to all other countries, ______the elderly are wise, ______is particularly dominant in the Chinese culture. A. that; one that B. that; that C. which, which D. that; one ④ We need a more capable leader, _____ with a strong will as well as good humor A who B one who Ｃ one D whoever ① 不可以选C,因为what 只能引导名词性从句，可以用which引导一个非限制性定语从句，但不可以用that; it 所指代事物已经很明确，不跟限制性定语从句，选D，泛指一个习惯，做habit 的 同位语，后面是定语从句，省略关系代词that 或which. ② 同①， one 做teacher 的同位语， 后面是定语从句 ③ 第一个空填that，引导belief 的同位语从句，第二个空，one 做belief 的同位语，that 引导从句做one 的定语 ④ C 因为with a strong will as well as good humor 是一个介词短语，因此不需要任何引导从句的连词，one 做leader 的同位语，介词短语做one 的定语。 20 定语从句对动词形式的干扰以及定语从句选择题的做题思路 在复合句中可以省略引导词（连词）的，一般有that 引导的宾语从句（在动词后面， 和that、which、who、 whom 在限定性定语从句中做宾语表语时）;如果主句完整，去掉主句，保留先行词，然后把先行词插入定语从句中。 为了更好地分析句子成分，定语从句完整时可以去掉定语从句以简化句子。 ① The professor you referred to _________ just now. A. comes B. come C. coming D. came ② The theory he sticks to _________ to be of no use in our studies. A. proves B. prove C. proving D. be proved ③ Mr. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had _________ was nowhere to be found. A had repaired B it repaired C have repaired D to be repaired ④ The manager discussed the plan they would like to see ____________ next year. A to carry out B carrying out C carried out D to be carried out.
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