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来源：天星 更新日期：2011-08-19 4）条件状语从句的有关句型： （1）“When / So long as / As long as / Once +从句，＋主句”（从句也可以放在主句之后）例如： ①As long as you give me some money, I will let you go.“只要你给我一些钱，我就让你走” ②Once you have begun to learn English, you should learn it well. “一旦你开始学习英语，你应该把它学好” （2）“主句＋on condition that+从句” 例如： I will go with you on condition that you give me some money.“我和你一起去的条件是你给我一些钱” （3）“主句＋unless+从句.”(注意：由于unless本身是否定词，所引导的从句的谓语动词用肯定) 例如： I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.“我明天去那儿除非下雨” （4）“祈使句，＋and/ and then+主句”（注意：祈使句也可用一个名词短语） 例如： ①Use your head, and you will find a good idea.“动脑筋想一想，你就会想出一个好主意” ②Another word, and I will beat you.“你再说一句，我就揍你” （5）“If +necessary / impossible/ important等，＋主句” 例如： If necessary, I will do it. “如果有必要的话，我来做此事。” 5）原因状语从句的有关句型 （1）“主句＋in case+从句”（in case表示以免） 例如： I will take my raincoat in case it rains.我要把雨衣带上以免下雨。 （2）“主句＋due to / because of / owning to / + the fact that +从句” 例如： He did not come to school because of the fact that he was ill.“由于他有病了，所以没有来上学” 6）时间状语从句中的有关句型 （1）“When / While / As +从句，＋主句”（关于它们之间的区别请看语法） 例如： （2）“主句＋after / before +从句.” 例如： ①They hadn’t been married four months before they were devoiced.“他们绘结婚不到四个月就离婚了” ②We went home after we had finished the work.“我们做完此工作就回家了” （3）“主语＋肯定谓语＋until＋从句（或时间）” // “主语＋否定谓语＋until+从句” 例如： ①I worked until he came back.“我一直工作到他回来” ②I didn’t worked until he came back.“他回来我才开始工作” （4）“As soon as / Immediately / Directly / Instantly / The moment / The instant / The minute +从句，＋主句.” 例如： My father went out immediately I got home.“我一到家，我父亲就出去了” （5）“No sooner +had + 主语＋done…than +主语＋did.” // “主语＋had + no sooner +done…than +主语＋did.” 例如： ①No sooner had I got to Beijing than I called you.“我一到北京就给你打电话了” ②I had no sooner got to Beijing than I called you. （同上） （6）“Hardly +had +主语＋done…when / before + 主语＋did.” // “主语＋had +hardly + done…when / before +主语＋did.” 例如： ①Hardly had she had supper when she went out. “她一吃完晚饭就出去了” ②She had hardly had supper when she went out. （同上） （7）“By the time+从句，＋主句.”（注意时态的变化） 例如： ①By the time you came back, I had finished this book.“到你回来时，我已经写完了这本书” ②By the time you come back, I will have finished this book.“到你回来时，我将写完这本书” （8）“each / every time +从句，＋主句.”(这时相当于whenever 或no matter when引导的从句。从句也可放在主句之后) 例如： Each time he comes to Harbin, he always drops in on me.“每当他来哈尔滨，总是随便来看看我” 7）地点状语从句的有关句型： （1）“Where +从句，＋主句.” 例如： Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.“哪里没有雨水，种庄稼是很难的或者是不可能的” （2）“Anywhere / wherever+从句，＋主句.” 例如： ①Anywhere I go, my wife goes too.“无论我去哪儿，我的妻子也去哪儿” ②I will go wherever you suggest.“你建议我去哪儿，我就去哪儿 ” 8）目的状语从句的有关句型： （1）“主句＋in order that / so that +从句.” 例如： I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus.“我起得很早，以便能赶上早班车” （2）“主句＋for+sb. +to do.”（注意动词不定式复合结构在这儿作目的状语） 例如： He came here for me to work out this problem.“他来这儿叫我帮他解出这道难题 ” 9）结果状语从句的有关句型： （1）“主句＋so that+从句.” 例如： It was very cold, so that the river froze.“天气很泠，因此河水结冰了” （2）“So+形容词/ 副词＋特定动词＋主语＋…＋that+从句.” 例如： So interesting is this book that I would like to read it again.“这本书那么有趣，我想再读一遍” （3）“主语＋谓语＋such+名词＋that+从句.” 例如： He made such rapid progress that he was praised by the teacher.“他进步很快，老师表扬了他” （4）“Such was + 主语＋that +从句.”(这是个完全倒装句) 例如： Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.“爆炸力这么大，所有的窗户都被震碎了” 10）比较状语从句的有关句型： （1）“The +形容词比较级……，（主句）the +形容词比较级＋……” 例如： The sooner you do it, the better it will be.“越早越好” （2）“主语＋谓语＋as +形容词原级＋as +被比较的对象.” 例如： He is as busy as a bee.“他非常忙” （3）“主语＋谓语＋the＋形容词比较级＋of / between …” 例如： He is the taller of the two.“他们俩人中他高” （4）“主语＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋被比较的对象.” 例如： This room is three times as large as that one.“这个房间是那个房间的三倍大”（这个房间比那个房间大两倍。） （5）“主语＋谓语＋百分数/倍数＋形容词比较级＋than＋被比较的对象.” 例如： ①This city is twice larger than ours.“这个城市比我们城市大两倍” ②The early rice output in that commune was 200% more than that of 2000.“那个公社的早稻产量是2000年的两倍” （6）“主语＋谓语＋the size / length/ width/ height +of +被比较的对象.” 例如： Our building is twice the height of yours.“我们的大楼比你们的高两倍” 11）其它句型 （1）“It doesn’t matter wh-+从句” 例如： ①It doesn’t matter to me what you will do tomorrow.“你明天做什么与我无关” ②It doesn’t matter whether you will come or not.“你来不来无关紧要” （2）“形容词/ 副词 / 名词（可数单数）+as / though +主语＋谓语，＋主句.” 例如： ①Young as he is, he knows a lot.“虽然他很小，但他知道得很多” ②Hard he works, I am sure that he can’t pass this exam.“虽然他学习很努力，这次考试他肯定不能及格” ③Child as he is, he knows a lot.“虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得很多” （3）“Were / Should / Had +主语＋谓语，＋主句.” 例如 Were I you, I would have gone there yesterday.“如果我是你的话，昨天我就去那儿了” （4）“Only +状语＋特定动词＋主语＋谓语…” 例如： ①Only by this means can I do this work well.“只有用那种方式我才能做好此工作” ②Only because he was ill did he not come to school.“只因为他有病了才没有来上学” ③Only then did I realize that I had been wrong.“只有那时，我才认识到我错了” （5）“Not only +特定动词＋主语＋谓语…but also+主语＋谓语…” 例如： Not only did he learned English well but also he spoke French very well.“他不但英语学得好，而且法语讲得很流利” （6）whether….or…, neither…nor…, either…or… （7）“主语＋doubt＋whether + 从句.”// “主语＋特定否定词＋doubt＋that＋从句.” 例如： I don’t doubt that he will come this afternoon.“我确信他下午一定能来” （五）平时学生书面表达中常见的错误类型及应对策略 ⒈常见错误： ⑴格式错误 有的考生不能正确地运用书信或日记的格式。A)书信常有五部分：①信头:右上角写上收信人的地址和写信日期; ②称谓; ③正文; ④结束语, 常用的有Yours sincerely/Yours truly/Yours faithfully…; ⑤签名。B)日记格式：顶格写上月、日、年和星期，右边写上天气情况。 ⑵词序错误 ①并列的人称代词做主语时，I没有放在最后。例如：I, you and he are all League members. ②没弄清英语中真正的主语。例如：Without a friend will feel lonely. ③修饰语错位。例如：He very likes dancing. ⑶时态错误 动词时态的错误是高考英语书面表达中最常见的错误之一,也是考生运用语言的能力差的显著标志之一。如2002关于公园收不收门票的讨论的介绍，陈述讨论的语句通常用一般现在时：Sixty of the students of our school think it is unnecessary to charge an entrance fee. They think that……不少考生表达为Some people thought that…… ⑷句子不完整 在口语中，交际双方可借助手势、语气等来理解不完整的句子，可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，又想加些补充说明时发生．例如： There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .应改为：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV ,radio ,and newspaper. ⑸内容表达错误 这种错误一般说来是审题不清所致。如2003年的书面表达，正确内容是：I've found a flat for you. It's a small one of 25 square meters with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. The house is near No 11 bus stop on Fang Cao Street and the school is at the next stop.有不少考生表达为:“I've found a flat of 25 square kilometers. It's in No.11 Fang Cao Street.” ⑹句子与句子之间缺少衔接造成意思过渡不平稳 例如：把He worked hard. He failed the exam.改为He worked hard. However, he failed the exam.就比较好。 ⑺习惯用语使用错误 如:将 to my surprise 表达为 to my surprised;将in my spare time 表达成 at my spare time; 将He didn’t lose heart though he failed.表达为He didn’t lose his heart though he failed. ⑻没有利用恰当的代词，给人于重复的感觉 例如：把My father is a worker. My father works in a big company. 改为My father is a worker. He works in a big company. 就比较好。 ⑼单词运用错误 写作中常见考生因分不清单词的词性而产生错误。大致有： a.将vi.用成vt.如:come the city/return the place b.将adj.用成vt.如:Please present on time. Don't absent! c.将u.n.用成c.n.如:a good news/many informations d.将adj./adv.使用错误.如:in the recently years/study hardly; e.将prep.用成v.如:Many overpasses arounded the city. The road throughed the city. f.将名词的单/复数使用不当。如：There are lots of high building. // Most of the people have private car. 句中building应改为buildings；句中car应改为cars。 g.句子的主谓不一致:如:A large number of beautiful buildings has been built. 句中has应改正为have。 h.常用词拼写错误:如:beautiful写成beautful; believe写成belive; money写成moneny… i.在叙事文中通常会运用一般过去时态,所以就出现了动词的过去式,尤其是不规则动词的过去式的拼写错误很普遍的现象。如：visitted/ hurted/ writed/….. j.不定冠词的使用错误:如:send a e-mail to you(an)/ Even a overpass has been built…(an)/ He graduated from an university.(a) k.虚词错误：①冠词的漏用和误用, 如：My father is worker. ②缺必要的连结词或连结词多余, 如：He likes swimming, I like climbing. ⑽不间断句子，即几个句子连在一起，看起来似乎是一个句子 例如：There are many ways we get to know the outside world.应改为：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.或 There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world. ⒉应对策略： 我们知道，英语书面表达是对英语语言知识的积极运用。它包括两大方面：一是内容，即写什么；二是表述，即如何用语言把内容表述出来。为了避免所存在的问题并提高英语书面表达能力，宜从以下几方面去努力。 ⑴强化英语基本句型。句子是文章的基本框架，在文章中起着桥梁的作用。对学生来说，英语书面表达最基础的还是选词造句，使句子正确通顺，符合英语表达习惯。 ⑵分析并诵读课文。课文是句型的延伸与扩展，分析课文的选词造句、连接手段、篇章结构等，并有意识地诵读课文，这有利于学生对基本句型的巩固与运用，有利于他们提高语言组织能力以及写作素材的积累和语感的形成。 ⑶加强听说训练。听力与口语训练能促进学生用英语进行思维，为学生写出地道的英语打下坚实的思维基础。 ⑷参加英语兴趣小组活动。英语兴趣小组能为学生提供运用英语的机会，丰富写作素材，从中也可以培养对英语的兴趣，而兴趣是学习的最好的老师，它能帮助你学好英语，当然也包括书面表达。 ⑸坚持用英语写日记。把自己当天的所见所闻、所感所悟用英语记下来，坚持不懈，这样熟能生巧，必有利于英语书面表达的提高。 |
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