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中学英语书面表达系列讲座与训练(13)

 紫微o太微o天市 2019-10-31

高考阅卷老师赞不绝口的句型-----英语倒装句

倒装结构真耀眼,阅卷老师好喜欢;

芬芳美丽又鲜艳,表达生辉赛牡丹!

今天将要和大家讨论的话题是英语的倒装句。它在中学英语书面表达中可谓是人见人爱的名角啦!本人就亲眼目睹过高考阅卷老师在阅读到一位考生倒装句写得妙的试卷时,情不自禁地拍手称好的情景。高考英语书面表达要求适当使用较为复杂的句式,倒装句就属于此类句型之一。倒装句分为部分倒装和完全倒装两种。凡是非主语在前谓语在后的语序的句子,英语中都称为倒装句。具体地讲,我们把原本应放在主语之后的部分谓语动词移到主语之前的句子称为部分倒装句,简称部分倒装。如:Never have I been late for school this term. (这学期我上学从未迟到。) (have 原本应放在主语I之后的。) 把原本应放在主语之后的全部谓语动词移到主语之前的句子称为完全倒装句,简称完全倒装。如:Gone are the days when we use foreign satellite navigation technology! (我们使用外国的卫星导航技术的日子已经一去不复返了!)此句的倒装发生在主句中,are gone 这部分谓语动词全部移到了主语the days 的前边。由于倒装的需要,are gone也变成了gone are。今天,我们将重点讨论中学英语书面表达中常用的几种倒装句型。

请看下面句子,并将它们用中文表达,想一想,它们倒装的原因是什么?

1) Only then did he realize that he was wrong. Only then did he realize the importance of learning French.

Only in this way will you be able to learn the calligraphy well.

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.

2) Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.

3) Tired as I was, I tried to help them. Young as he is,he knows a lot. Surrounded as we were by the enemy,we managed to fight our way out. Hero as she is, she is still an easy-going woman.

4) So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

以上是部分倒装

8) They arrived at a small village, in front of which was a big river.

9)Such was Albert Einstein , a simple man and 20thcentury’s greatest scientist.

10) Here comes the bus.

11)The door opened and in came Mr. Smith.

★答案与讲解

1) 到那时他才意识到他错了。到那时他才意识到学习法语的重要性。你只有用这种方法才能把书法学好。当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。

only+状语”位于句首时,该句主句中发生部分倒装。这个状语可以是一个词(如then),可以是个介词短语(如:in this way),还可以是个从句(如:when he returned home)。然后,后面主句部分倒装。又如: Only in the library can she concentrate on her study. (只有在图书馆里她才能把注意力集中到学习上去。)

Only after entering the shop did Mary realize that she had no money on her.

(只是进了商店玛丽才意识到身上没带钱。 ) Only when we got there did we find that the train had gone.(只是当我们到达那儿时才发现火车已经开走了。)

2我不会忘记我参军的那一天。

某些否定副词开头的句子要部分倒装。在以never、little、hardly、not only、few、not、seldom、scarcely、rarely、no sooner、no longer、nowhere等否定副词开头的句子中,采用部分倒装;如果不放在句首就不要倒装。又如:Seldom does he go out for dinner. (他很少出去吃饭。) Hardly does she have time to listen to music.(他几乎没有时间听音乐。) Little does he realize how important this conference is .(他不大明白这次大会有多重要。) 注意:not until位于句首时,其本身引导的句子不倒装,后面的主句部分倒装!如:Not until the rain stopped did she leave the classroom (雨停了之后她才离开教室。); No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. (我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。) 注意:no sooner 所在的句子本身部分倒装且动词谓语要用过去完成时;Not only is she smart ,but also she is beautiful. (她不仅人聪明而且长得也漂亮。)Scarcely had I sat down to eat when the phone rang.(我刚坐下来吃饭,电话就响了。)Scarcely…when…;Hardly …when…; No sooner … than…; 都是 “一……就……” 的意思。倒装都发生在scarcely, hardly 和no sooner 所在的主句中,并且用过去完成时。又如: Hardly had I finished eating when he came in。我刚吃完饭,他就来了。

★初学记不住都有哪些副词放在句首需部分倒装,下面这个顺口溜(多念几遍)或许能帮上您的忙:

Never、little、hardly;

Few、 not 和rarely ;

seldom、 no sooner;

not only 、no longer;

还有nowhere、scarcely.

3 虽然我很累,我还是努力帮助他们。尽管他很年轻,但是他知道很多。尽管被敌人包围了,我们还是设法冲了出来。虽然她是英雄,但她仍然很平易近人。

as引导的让步状语从句要倒装。结构为:“名词(不加任何冠词)/形容词/副词/动词/分词+ as +主语+谓语。” 又如:Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true.这个故事看似荒唐,却是真的。 Child as he is, he can speak two languages.虽然他还是个孩子,但他能说两种语言。(此倒装句相当于although he is a child…) Try as he would ,he could not lift the rock. 虽然尽了最大努力,但他还是搬动不了那块石头。(相当于although he would try…)

4他害怕的很,动也不敢动。

So/such…that 结构中so/such置于句首时so/such引导的句子部分倒装。

又如: So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.他愤怒的一句话也说不出来。

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。Such a nice man does he seem that we all believe him.

他象个很和蔼的人,所以我们都相信他了。

8他们来到一个小村庄,村庄前面是条大河.

为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调句子的某一部分,或是上下文紧密衔接时,句子要完全倒装.句8)是为了上下文紧密衔接才倒装的,即in front of which was a big river中的which与主句中的village 紧密衔接。该句若不倒装,正常语序应是:They arrived at a small village, and a big river was in front of the village.这样就出现了两个village,不但重复,而且句子结构松散。没有原句表达紧凑。

有时为了强调句子的某个部分,就将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首,谓语动词也常置于主语前,构成完全倒装。如:By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. (窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。)正常语序是:a young man with a magazine in his hand sat by the window. 为了强调by the window,采用了完全倒装。又如:From the valley came a frightening sound. (从山谷里传来了令人可怕的声音。) 为了强调from…valley.

South of the city lies a big steel factory. (城南坐落着一座钢铁厂。)为了强调表语south of the city.采用了倒装。这种倒装常出现在书面表达中或文学作品中。这样写句子显得更生动活泼。

9 这就是艾尔伯特·爱因斯坦,一位俭朴的人,20世纪最伟大的科学家。

此句中的such 常被看成是表语。was后的才是主语。人称和数要与后面主语保持一致。又如:such is our monitor, an unselfish man. (这就是我们的班长,一个无私的人。) 这种倒装句常用在书面表达中用来描写人物。也可用于写物:如:Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。

10) 公共汽车来了。

here 和there位于句首时倒装

表示地点的here和 there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。

Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。There’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿。There goes the bell. 铃响了。There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。【注意】1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态,即不能说 Here is coming the bus。

11)门开了,史密斯先生进了来。

地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时,其后用完全倒装语序。 如:Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,伞都撑起来了。

不倒装的情况:

1) Only /not only … but also…修饰句子主语时。

如:Only doctors can enter the room只有医生能进这个房间。Not only you but also your younger brother can pass the test.您哥俩都能通过测试。

2) 以here , there,up 等开头的句子,主语是代词时。

如:Here it comes. 它来了。 There she goes. 她走了。Up it went. 它上去了。

Here you are. 给你。There she is. 她在那儿。Here it is. 给你。Here he comes. 他来了。There it is. 就这样 Away he went. 他跑远了。Down it came. 它掉了下来。

3) in no time(立即,马上)位于句首时。

In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。

小试牛刀:请将下列短文用英语表达出来(答案见下期)

在有些学校,学生们的课程和作业负担过重。学生们每天所做的就是听老师讲课,记笔记和做似乎没完没了的作业。我真的希望老师们能给学生更多的帮助,少讲点课,少布置点练习和家庭作业。只有这样,学生们每天才有时间去运动,身心才能都获得健康。

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