14.1 倒装句之全部倒装 14.2 倒装句之部分倒装 14.3 以否定词开头作部分倒装 14.4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装 14.5 only在句首要倒装的情况 14.6 as, though 引导的倒装句 14.7 其他部分倒装 一、 当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时要用倒装,将相应的助动词放到主语之前。例如:
1. Only by practising a few hours every day _____ be able to use it. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you 二、 否定副词not, never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, few, not until等位于句首时,句子要倒装。例如: 2. Not a single song _____ at yesterday’s party. A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sang 3. Seldom _____ any mistakes during my past few years of working here. A. would I make B. did I make C. I did make D. shall I make 4. Not until I began to work _____ how much time I had wasted. A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn’ t realize D. I realize 三、 副词so放在句首,表示前面肯定句中所说的情况也适用于另外一个人时,句子要倒装;当neither,nor在句首,表示前面的否定也适用于另外一个人时句子要倒装;so, nor, neither表示相同概念的肯定或否定时,句子也要倒装。例如: 5. My brother had a bad cold last week, and so _____. A. did I B. had I C. was I D. I did 6. “Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?” “I didn’t know, _____.” A. nor don’t I care B. nor do I care C. I don’t care neither D. I don’t care also 7. He is a good student, and works very hard, _____. A. so it is with her B. so does she C. so is he D. neither does she 四、 含有否定意义的连词置于句首,如no sooner…than…, neither…nor, hardly…when…, scarcely…when…, not…until…等需要倒装。例如: 8. _____ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had 五、 以here, how, there, then等副词位于句首时,要倒装。例如: 9. Then _____ the Civil War. A. did follow B. followed C. does follow D. following 六、 有些介词短语如at no time, in no case, by no means, many a time, only in this way放在句首时要倒装。例如: 10. Many a time _____ swimming alone. A. the boy went B. went the boy C. did the boy go D. did go the boy 11. Only in this way _____ the problems. A. you can solve B. can you solve C. you solve D. did you solve 七、 虚拟语气的条件从句中,省略了if后,had, were, should等放在条件句主语前,形成倒装。例如: 12. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off visiting Beijing. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 八、 由as, though, however构成的让步状语从句,从句要倒装,一般结构为:形容词(副词或名词等)+as/though/however+主语+谓语。例如: 13. _____ , mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. Late, however, he is 答案:1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. D 倒装句的种类 当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序。在某些情况下,我们可以把谓语 成分放在主语前面,这种词序叫做倒装。 倒装分两种:语法倒装和强调语势倒装。 语法倒装 语法上的倒装句是强制性的,包括下列 7 种: 1. 疑问句,如: Can you do it? How old are you? When did you know him? 但疑问代词做主语时,不必倒置,如: Who is your English teacher? What happened last night? 2. 表示“愿望”的句子,如: May God bless you. Long live the king! 3. There”引导的句子,如: There are many cars on the road. There is a security guard outside the bank. 4. 感叹句,如: How beautiful the flower is! What a smart boy you are! 5. 连接词“so, neither, nor”的句子,如: Mary can ride a bicycle; so can I. He can't sing; neither can she. Tom has never been late; nor have I. 6. 省略连词“if”的条件副词分句,如: Were I you, I would not do such a thing. Should the machine break down again, send it back to us. Had you worked harder, you would have passed. 7. “as, however”连接的让步副词分句,如: Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon. However busy you are, you should spend some time on it. 强调倒装句 把表示否定的副词或副词短语提到句前;-是把副词虚助词提前: Never have I seen such a wicked man. On no account must this employee be fired. Not until he told me had I heard anything of it. No sooner had I left than the rain came. Up jumped the puppy. In came John. Down fell the rotten branches from the tree. Out came a woman and her maid. 引起倒装的情况多种多样,倒装的表现形式大体有下列几种: 1.在疑问句中 例1:How are you getting along with your work? 例2:Is this report written in detail? 注:如疑问词作主语或者作定语修饰主语时,不发生倒装。 2.在there be 及其类似结构中 例1:There are forty students in our class. 例2:There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet. 例3:There stands a bridge across the river. 3.在表示祝愿的句子中 例1:Long live the People’s Republic of China! 例2:May you succeed! 例3:Dog-tired though they were, they continued to march on. 4.在省略if 的虚拟语气条件状语从句中 这类句子中有were, had, should等词时,把were, had或should置于句首。 例1:Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world. 例2:Had you been more careful, such spelling mistakes might have been avoided. 5.在so, nor, neither或no more开头的句子中 此类句子通常表示前面一句话中的谓语所说明的情况,也适用于另一句中的主语。例如: 1)This problem is not difficult and neither is that one. 2)Coal is under the ground in some places, and so is oil. 6.在以具有否定意义的副词、连词及词组开头的句子中 这些词和词组通常有:rarely, never, scarcely, no sooner, little, few, hardly, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, nowhere, nobody, not only等。例如: 1)Visit our stores. Nowhere else will you find such magnificent bargains. 2)Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang. 3)Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it. 4)Little did we think his speech had made so deep an impression on his audience. 7.在强调表语时 例1:Worst of all were the humiliations. 例2:Such is the case. 8.在强调宾语时 例1:Still greater contributions should we make to our socialist construction. 例2:Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid. 注:当前置宾语由“not a +名词”或者“not a single +名词”构成时,也会引起倒装。例如: Alice had a terrible time touring that country. Not a day did she spend without having some unpleasantness with waiters in the hotel. 9.在强调状语时 (1)当句首状语为方位词或拟声词,谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如: 1)Up went the plane. 2)In came the chairman and the meeting began. 注:如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如: 1)Out they rushed! 2)Lower and lower he bent. (2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时,句子须倒装。例如: 1)Round the corner walked a large policeman. 2)Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man. (3)当句首状语由“only +副词”,“only +介词词组”,“only +状语从句”构成时,句子须倒装。例如: 1)Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. 2)Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. (4)当句首状语为here, there, now, then等时,句子须倒装,主语是代词时,句子不用倒装。例如: 1)Here is a ticket for you. 2)Now comes your turn. 3)Here he comes. (5)以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中,句子须倒装。例如: 1)So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 2)So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus. 3)So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night. 注:在该结构中,“so +形容词”是表语的前置;“so +副词”是状语的前置。 10.在直接引语之后 在叙事性书面语中,直接引语后常跟asked Mary, answered John, said the old lady, grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些词语中,动词常的主语之前,主语是代词时,不用倒装。例如: 1)“What do you mean?” asked Henry. 2)“What do you mean?” he asked. 11. often, many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时 例如:Often did they think of going there, but they never had a chance. 12.在as, though引导的让步状语从句中 在as, though引导的让步状语从句中,一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如: 1)Small as the atom is, we can smash it. 2)Big as the workpiece is, it is turned out with 一、so…that结构中的部分倒装 So strange did she look that everyone stared at her. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. So little did I know about philosophy that the lecture was completely beyond me. 二、表语置于句首引起的倒装 当表语置于句首时,常引起倒装,把系动词置于主语之前。作表语的可以是形容词、介词短语、分词等。 【例如】 Very important in the peasants’ life is the TV weather report. Bright, very bright were the stars over the wild, dark hills. Present at the meeting were Professor Smith, Sir Hugh and many other celebrities. Especially popular are the musical and theatrical groups. On either side of the road were rows of fruit trees. Near the southern end of the village was a large peach orchard. Seated on the ground are as groups of young men playing horse head fiddle. Scattered like stars in the deep mountains are numerous reservoirs and ponds. Visiting the Great Wall were 200 American college students. 三、否定意义副词引起的倒装 英语中含有否定意义的副词与词组有never,seldom,few,little, barely,hardly,scarcely,rarely, nowhere, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, in no case, in vain, not until等。 Nowhere could the homeless girl go in the cold winter. Under no circumstances shall I change my attitude towards work. Never before has the mass of the people been so inspired, so militant and so daring as at present. No sooner had I gone to sleep than someone telephoned. Not until Columbus discovered the new land, were bananas brought to Europe. Scarcely had we reached home when it began to rain. Not only did they present a musical performance but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of western brass instrument. 四、让步状语从句中的倒装 1)让步状语从句中的倒装形式为:强调对象+as/though+主语+其它部分,强调对象可以是表语(名词,形容词)或状语(副词)。表语为名词时,前面通常不用冠词。 Tired as he is, he goes on with his work. Much as he likes her, he does get irritated with her sometimes. Child as he is, he knows how to please the others. 2) be+主语+or连接的两个表语。这个句型相当于whether…or…引导的让步从句。 Be it cheap or dear, I will take it. We should put our energysintosour work, be it mental like the work of a scientist or physical like the work of a smith. 五、让步状语从句中的倒装 1)让步状语从句中的倒装形式为:强调对象+as/though+主语+其它部分,强调对象可以是表语(名词,形容词)或状语(副词)。表语为名词时,前面通常不用冠词。 Tired as he is, he goes on with his work. Much as he likes her, he does get irritated with her sometimes. Child as he is, he knows how to please the others. 2) be+主语+or连接的两个表语。这个句型相当于whether…or…引导的让步从句。 Be it cheap or dear, I will take it. We should put our energysintosour work, be it mental like the work of a scientist or physical like the work of a smith. 五、以only引导状语位于句首引起的倒装 Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard. Only in this way can we achieve what we want. Only in each afternoon does the university library open. Only under special circumstances ____to take make up tests. A) are freshmen permitted B) permitted are freshmen C) freshmen are permitted D) are permitted freshmen Only加状语位于句首,句子用倒装语序,故答案为A。 六、由so/nor/neither引起的倒装 该句式表明与前面的情况一致。前面为肯定句,用so引导,否定句用nor或neither引导。 Society has changed and so have the people in it. Yesterday I went shopping, so did my best friend. The organization had broken no rules, but neither had it acted responsibly. He didn’t want to apologize for his mistake, neither/nor did his assistant. 1.注意分清哪些情况要采用倒装: ①down, up, in, out, away等表示位置移动的副词位于句首时;②表示时间、地点的副词或介词短语位于句首时;not, never, hardly, seldom, little, scarcely, neither, nor等否定词位于句首时;③用作频率状语的副词often, always,every,other day,以及程度副词so或表示“也”的so位于句首时;④only位于句首修饰状语时;⑤as位于句首引导让步状语从句时;⑥虚拟条件句省略if时。例如: Out rushed the children. Look! Here come the bus! Often do I go there with them. So busy is she that she has no time to spare. Were I you, I would take the position in that company. 2. 注意几个容易出错的场合: ①Not until位于句首引导状语从句,或only位于句首修饰状语从句时,从句不倒装,主句倒装。例如: Not until he was eight, did he go to school. Only when the war was over was he able to get happily back to work. ②以下情况的主谓都不倒装:表示时间、地点、方位的副词位于句首,其主语是人称代词时;so位于句首表示强调时;only位于句首不修饰状语或状语从句时。例如: Out he rushed. She is very beautiful and so she is. Only this way can improve your English. ③as位于句首引导让步状语从句时主谓不倒装,只须把表语提到as前,且作表语的单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词。例如: Tired as he felt, he kept on working. Child as he was, he could work out the problem. 3.注意完全倒装句的特点: ①谓语是系动词;②主语是名词,谓语是不及物动词,如go, lie, com, run等;③句首是表示时间、地点、方向、方式的副词或介词短语,谓语是系动词或半系动词。例如: On went her old brown jacket. Down came the long brown waves! Between Britain and Ireland, in the Irish Sea, lies the small Isle of Man. |
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