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高中英语新课导入的艺术
作者 蒋小青
导入新课是课堂教学的一个重要环节。俗话说，良好的开端是成功的一半。运用恰当的方法导入新课，能够集中学生的注意力，引起学习浓厚的兴趣，激发其内在的求知欲望，使课堂气氛变得轻松活泼，课堂活动顺利进行，课堂效率显著提高。
如何导入新课是—项需要经过精心设计而且实行颇难的一门教学艺术。正像高尔基说的：开头第一句最困难，好像音乐定调一样，往往需要较多时间才能找到它。那么，如何精心设计每堂课的开头呢?
笔者将最常用的几种方法归纳如下。
一、承前启后导入法
这种方法也叫复习导入法。教师在复习上一节课内容的基础之上，激起学生学习下一课内容的欲望的导入法。这种方法便于学生巩固已学内容，便于将新旧内容有机地联系起来，便于教师循序渐进地开展教学，使学生在“温故”的基础上产生“知新”的内在动力。
如(SB l A Unit 3 Lesson 10) American
English讲述的是美国英语与英国英语在语音、词汇、及拼写方面的差别以及产生这些差别的原因；而Lesson9中的Dialogue里Yang
Mei因不知英美表示“秋天”的用词差异，而不知Sara所问。于是，教师可以这样导入：
T：Why did Yang Mei not quite follow Sara?
S：Because she didn't understand the meaning of “falI”?
T: Why not?
S: Because they didn’t know Americans say “fall” instead of
“autumn”.
T: Right. If we know the differences between American English and
British English, we can learn English better. Do you think
so?
S: Yes.
T：Would you like to know about their differences?
S：Yes．We’d like to.
T：Ok. Please turn to page 10. Let's learn Lesson 10，American
English.
二、贴近生活导入法
把教材内容贴近实际生活，同时又把实际生活引入教学过程中，使课文学习与现实生活(包括热点新闻、热门话题等)紧密地联系起来，激发学生联想、想象，使新旧知识融会贯通。此法也包括时事评论导入法、Free
talk导入法等。
高一Unit
9 Lesson 33是Jenny和Mei
Ge围绕公司买电脑的一段对话。教师讲授此课时，便可联系学校欲购电脑建机房一事，让学生发表自己的看法，从而导入新课。
1. Though our school is not very rich, our headmaster has decided
to buy some computers to build a computers' room．In your opinion,
is it right to make such a decision? Why?
2. If you are sent to buy computers for our school, what will you
do before buying them? Which types Of computers do you prefer,
Pentium III or Pentium IV?
3. Today we are going to lean a dialogue about buying a new
computer. Now, listen to the dialogue carefully and find out the
answer to this question: Which computer have they decided to
buy?
三、直观刺激导入法
运用简笔画、插图、挂图、实物、录音机、录像片、幻灯片、多媒体等手段导入新课，可使抽象复杂的事物变得具体实际。由于形、声、色的感官刺激，使多种器官协同活动，增强了接受效果，此外，还可以培养学生的观察能力。根据使用的不同媒体及具体场合的不同，此法又可分为图片评说导入法、音乐欣赏导入法等等。
如在讲(高一Unit 5 Lesson，18)The Green Hills of
Tangsa一文，教师可引导学生对书中插图进行评说来导入新课。
T：Just have a look at the picture．What can you see?
Ss：Two women, some young trees and a lot of big trees on the
hills.
T：Can you guess which country they are from?
Ss：Yes. They are Indians. (Judge from their
clothes)
T：What are they doing?
Ss：They are planting trees．
T：Why do they plant trees?
Ss：(get the students to have a discussion)
T: You're right．So they plant trees every year．The hills take a
new look．But did they plant trees in the past? When did they
realize the importance of planting trees?
Ss：No.
T: Please read the passage quickly and find out
the answers to these questions．
四、标题讨论导入法
对于学生较熟悉的事情，教师可以围绕课文的标题设置问题与学生进行讨论来导入新课。这种方法简捷明快，可使学生的思维迅速定向，很快进入对课文中心的探求。
如在教(高一Unit 10 Lesson 38)The Olympic
Games一课，教师可以这样导入：
T：Today, We are going to learn Lesson 38，The Olympic Games．But
what are the Olympic Games?
Ss：They are the greatest world sports
games．
T：How often are they held?
SS：Every four year.
T：When and where were the 27th Olympic Games held?
SS：They were held in Sydney in 2000.
T：How many gold medals did the Chinese team get in the
games?
SS：They got 28 gold medals．
T：When and where were the first Modern Olympic Game held? When did
the team from PRO take part in them for the first time? How many
medals did the Chinese team get? What's the Olympic spirit? Please
read the text quickly to find the answers.
五、设置悬念导入法
这种方法是教师讲一个内容生动精彩、情节扣人心弦的小故事或故事的一个片断，或者举—个触目惊心的事实来制造悬念，使学生对故事或相关事物产生关切感，从而对课文认真阅读。
如(高二Unitl2Lesson46)Escape from the
Zoo一文，教师可以这样导入：
T：What's kept in the zoo?
SS：All kinds of tigers，lions, elephants
T：If a lion escapes from the zoo, what will happen?
S1：It'll run away.
S2: It'll hurt the people.
S3: It'll be killed．
T：Today we're going to read a story about a lion that escaped from
the zoo．Did the lion hurt anybody? Was it killed by somebody? What
happened to the lion at last?
六、谚语成语导入法
古今中外有许多谚语成语，语言精练，寓意深刻，耐人寻味。教师可以根据教学内容引用相关的谚语成语导入新课，如“有爆竹，骤响易彻”。
如(高一Unit 4 Lesson
13)Travel一课，有位教师是这样导入：
T：Have you heard such a sentence, "Thousands of miles traveling is
better than thousands of books reading"?
SS：No。
T：Can you guess what it means?
SS：读万卷书不如走万里路。
T：Good! Do you accept such an idea?
SS：Yes.
T：If you can travel vacation，Where would you like to go?
SS：...
T: Ok. Today we are going to learn a dialogue between Betty and
Jane．Now, listen carefully and find out the answers to these
questions：
1. Where is Betty going? How is she going?
2. Where is Jane going? How is she going?
七、文化背景导入法
教师通过介绍课文的作者、背景知识、或者相关的英美文化习俗来导入新课，切入正题。这种方法不仅可以拓宽学生的知识面，而且可以增加学生对课文的理解。这是一种喜闻乐见的方法。
如(高二 Unit10 Lesson 38)At the Tailor's
Shop是根据美国作家马克吐温(Mark Twain)的《百万英镑》(The￡1000000
Bank—Note)中一段情节改写而成的，教师可以这样导入：
Do you know about Mark Twain? He is a famous American writer, also
an outstanding humorist and satirist．He was born in 1835，and died
in 1910．He wrote many works’ during his lifetime, including "The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer", “Life on the Mississippi"，and "The
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn". Besides the above-mentioned
works，Mark Twain's short story "The ￡1000000 Bank-Note" is also
well—known．The story" At the Tailor's Shop"，Which we are going
to learn today，is extracted from "The ￡1000000 Bank—Note"．It
exposed evils in the capital society，in which money is
everything．Why do I say so? Read the story,
please.
八、问题引路导入法
教师从易到难，步步引路，层层深入，向学生提出一个个问题，让学生思考回答，使学生迅速集中注意力，并激起学生对即将学习的材料产生极大的兴趣和热情。
如(高二Unit7 Lesson 26)Canada一课，有位老师是这样导入的：
T：Do you know which country is the largest one in the world?
SS：Russian.
T：Which country is the second largest one?
Ss：Canada.
T：Which country is the third largest?
Ss：China．
T：Right．Have you ever been to Canada?
Ss：No，we haven't．
T：Do you want to know something about Canada，such as its
capital，population，languages，weather, natural resources?
Ss：Yes.
T：Ok．Let's learn the text Canada, shall we?
笔者仅列举了高中英语新课导入的最常用的八种方法。事实上，教师根据不同课型，不同内容，不同对象，不同场合，以及不同的客观条件，可选用不伺的导入方法。导入形式多种多样，不拘一格。不过，导语“虽无一定之规，但有—定之妙”。导语设计的总的原则是注意针对性、启发性、新颖性、趣味性和简洁性。其目的是新课伊始就能激发学生的学习兴趣，拨动其思维之弦，让他们以最佳的兴奋状态投入学习活动之中。
(注：此文发表于中华人民共和国主管陕西师范大学主办的《中学英语教学参考》2001年第1期)
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