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前天和晚天晚上推出的第一讲《奇速英语串句记忆法》和《 神奇的奇速英语歌诀速记法 》引起了空间热烈的反响，一天多时间，空间点击4000多次，转载500多次，今天我们《奇速英语全国名师大联盟团队》特级教师继续把几十年教学中积累的宝贵经验分享出来，形成一系列速记单词法，每天推出一讲。今天我们推出的是第三讲《奇速英语归类速记法》，现通过蔡章兵总编的腾讯认证空间博客全国首发。特别提醒版权所有，如腾讯以外的媒体和个人摘抄部分内容或转载请务必注明出处（奇速英语/蔡章兵主编QQ757722345空间）。因为篇幅有限，我们选择一部分单词进行说明，希望能起到抛砖引玉作用，并且我们也相信各位师生能通过我们的例子熟练掌握这种方法了。
虽然英语单词众多，但在词形、词义、读音和用法上却有异也有同。因此，采用“归类速记法”识记是个好方法。用这种方法识记的单词或短语不是一个而是“一串”，例如课本上介绍的前缀、后缀构词法就是如此。 本部分介绍的“归类速记法”，将词形、词性、词义或用法相同的词语“合并同类项”，这对整体快速识记大有裨益。 1. 这些table不是“桌子” 我们知道，table是“桌子”，然而下面这些单词虽然也有table，但它们的意思却与“桌子”毫无“瓜葛”： The potato is a sort of vegetable, not a sort of fruit. 土豆是一种蔬菜，而不是一种水果。 If you do this, you will remain comfortable till you find another job. 如果你这么做，你会保持舒适的生活直到你找到另一份工作。 Every day there are seven lessons and this is my timetable for Monday. 每天有七节课，这是我星期一的时间表。 They have chosen the most suitable man for the job. 他们已选好最适当的人来做那项工作。 The little girl is drawing at an adjustable desk. 那个小女孩在一张可调节的桌子上画画。 【趁热打铁】选vegetable, comfortable, timetable, suitable, adjustable完成句子。 1) This house is ______ and can be taken apart when we move. 2) We marked down the spot as a ______ place for camping. 3) We often have ______ soup or tomato soup. 4) I think students should do according to the ______. 5) The foreign guests said they felt ______ and safe in China. 3. 这些-ly结尾的不是副词 大多数以-ly结尾的单词都是副词，但下面这些以-ly结尾的单词却是形容词：
Nothing ever happens in the lonely village. 这个偏僻的小村子至今未出过事。 He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 他有一种奇特的方法使他的课生动有趣。 He is a lovely boy but he has no family. 他是一个可爱的男孩，但是却失去了家人。 Your parents as well as you are friendli to me. 不仅你而且你的父母亲也对我很友好。 Suddenly he smiled a quite unexpected smile of fatherly kindness. 他忽然出乎意外地流露出父亲般温柔的微笑。 【趁热打铁】选lonely, lively, lovely, friendly, fatherly完成句子。 12) Mr. Smith gave us a ______ lesson yesterday. 13) She gave me a ______ smile when she met me. 14) His voice was filled with ______ concern. 15) Over the years, the ______ baby grew into a pretty girl. 16) He lived in a ______ house in the mountain. 不少英语动词后加-er就可变为执行这个动作的“人”，例如work工作→worker工人，fight战斗→fighter战士。除了-er外，下面这些动词后加-or或-ar也能变成“人”，例如： ★ 以e结尾的动词，通常在e后加r就可变为执行这个动作的“人”，例如：write写作→writer作家，但是translate（翻译）例外，它的变化是“去e加or”，即translator（翻译员、翻译家、翻译器）。 ★ cook后加er不是“厨师”而是“厨具”，下次千万可别说“My father is a cooker.”，而应说“My father is a cook.”。 player ★ play后加er构成player，player既能表示“选手、运动员”，也能表示“播放机”。 请看例句： He hoped to become an actor or a singer. 他希望能成为一名演员或歌手。 The TV play is good, but the director smells. 这部电视剧是不错的，可导演太差了。 No visitor to the country can fail to be impressed by this. 到过那个国家的访客没有哪一位不对此印象深刻。 This was the house of a private collector. 这曾是一所私人收藏家的住宅。 The dog ran at the beggar and bit him. 这条狗扑向那个乞丐，把他咬了一口。 【趁热打铁】用英语写出下列名词： 38. 农夫 ______ 39. 学习者 ______ 40. 所有者 ______ 41. 司机 ______ 领导者 ______ 43. 访问者 ______ 44. 发明家 ______ 45. 记者 ______ 12. a, an的用法归纳 a和an都属不定冠词。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an则用于元音音素开头的单词前。由于有少数英语单词，它们虽以辅音字母开头，但那个辅音字母却不发音；也有少数以元音字母开头的单词，由于那个元音字母的读音是以辅音音素开头，这样就常常容易造成a和an的使用错误。这两类单词不多，我们可以用下面的归纳法进行速记： 一、one, unit, useful, European和university等单词，它们的都以辅音音素开头，因此前面若用不定冠词，都要用a。请看例句： How does a money changer machine know if you've given it a one, a five or a ten dollar bill? 货币兑换机器是如何知道你放入的是货币是一元、五元或者是十元的钞票呢？ The shop is in a one way street, which make it very difficult for parking. 那个商店在一条单行道的街上，这使停车很困难。 They have tested the new medicine in a one-year study among seventeen thousand patients. 他们已在一万七千名病人中进行了为期一年的这种新药试验。 Each bee has a very specific role, but together they work as a unit. 每一只蜜蜂都有各自的职责，而协同起来工作它们就是一个整体。 It may have left out something; even so, it is quite a useful reference book. 那本书或许有些遗漏之处，即使如此，尚不失为一本有用的参考书。 A Chinese official telephoned a European leader three days ago. 三天前，一位中国官员与一位欧洲领导人通了电话。 If you get good results in the college entrance examination, you may be accepted into a university. 如果你在高考中取得了好成绩，你就可能会被一所大学录取。 二、honest, honor和hour等单词，它们的第一个辅音字母都不发音，其读音以元音音素开头。另外，由数词8-, 18-, 80-, 800-构成的合成形容词，它们的读音也以原因音开头。因此以上这些词语，前面若用不定冠词，都要用an。请看例句： He is just an honest person trying to earn a little money for his living. 他只是一个老老实实的人，努力挣点钱过日子。 We’ll regard it as an honor if you could attend the conference. 如果你能参加会议，我们将把它视为一种荣耀。 It took me half an hour to find a spot for parking when I came home from work last night. 昨晚我下班回来时，花了半小时才找到一个地方停车。 He required his students to write an 8-page summary report after the practice. 他让他的学生在实习后写一份八页的报告。 【温馨提示】有时，英语字母也可能当作单词使用，此时也应注意a、an的用法。在26个字母中，a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x等的读音以元音音素开头，它们当作单词使用时，前面与an连用。其余字母b, c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z等，读音以辅音音素开头，它们当作单词使用时，前面与a连用。请比较例句： I got a C this time in English, but last time I got an A. 我这次英语得了个C等，可上次我得的是A等。 You’ve missed out an “i” in the word “mountain” and a “u” in the word “autumn”. 你在mountain这个单词中漏了一个“i”，在autumn这个单词中漏了一个“u”。 【趁热打铁】根据每题汉语意思填词完成句子。 67) 他在一家大学医院里工作。 He works in ___________________ hospital. 68) 我伯父花三百美元买一匹独眼马。 My uncle bought ___________________ horse for 300 dollars. 69) 大象是一种有用的动物。 An elephant is ___________________ animal. 70) 晚餐将在一个半小时以后准备好。 Supper will be ready in ___________________ and a half. 71) 他说几年前他亲眼看到一个不明飞行物。 He said he saw ___________________ with his own eyes several years ago. 72) 它发生在法国，一个欧洲国家。 It took place in France, ___________________ country. 73) 我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。 It is ___________________ that I was invited to your birthday party. 74) 任何人都能看得出来，汤姆是个诚实的孩子。 As anybody can see, Tom is ___________________ child. 75) 她是个八岁的女孩，来自澳大利亚。 She is ___________________ girl from Australia. 76) 去年冬天村民们修了一座800米长的路。 The villagers built ___________________ road last winter.
解读： 这16个动词之所以神通广大，是因为它们与其它词类搭配可构成各种各样的表达方式。掌握这些表达方式对提高英语口头笔头表达能力大有裨益。请看一例： 假如你是史密斯夫妇的邻居。一个月前，史密斯先生外出，史密斯夫人在家突然病倒，发高烧，头疼，并且咳嗽得厉害。于是，你带她去医院去就诊。医生给她量了体温。说她患了感冒，给了她药，吩咐她服药并卧床几天。回家后，史密斯夫人遵照医嘱养病。一个星期以后她就完全康复了。 虽然英语不规则动词的变化形式比较复杂，但其中也有不少不规律可循。请看下面这些动词的变化规律： 一、以-eep结尾的，其过去式和过去分词均是变-eep为-ept： sleep——slept——slept keep——kept——kept sweep——swept——swept weep——wept——wept creep——crept——crept 二、以-end结尾的，其过去式和过去分词均是变-end为-ent： lend——lent——lent spend——spent——spent send——sent——sent bend——bent——bent rend——rent——rent 三、以-eed结尾的，其过去式和过去分词均是变-eed为-ed： feed——fed——fed speed——sped——sped bleed——bled——bled breed——bred——bred ......
【用法举例】 ★ cut away砍掉；剪掉 We cut away all the dead wood from the tree. 我们把树上的枯枝全都砍掉了。 He cut away the material which he didn’t need. 他把不需要的材料剪掉了。 ★ run away逃跑；跑走 Charlie ran away twice from his school. 查理两次从学校逃跑。 Mary ran away and left her family. 玛丽离家出走了。 ★ pass away死；消失 The old lady passed away peacefully in her sleep. 那个老太太在睡梦中安祥地辞世了。 As soon as the sun came out, the mist passed away. 太阳一出来，雾便散去了。 ★ put away放好；放弃 We put away the tools before we leave the workshop. 我们在离开车间前把工具收拾好。 I asked him to put away such foolish ideas. 我叫他放弃那些愚蠢的想法。 ★ smooth away消除（障碍）；克服（困难）；使顺利 They have smoothed away some of their differences. 他们已消除了一些分歧。 They are going to help her to smooth away the difficulty. 他们打算帮助她克服困难。 ★ take away 拿走；减去 Who has taken away my dictionary? 谁把我的词典拿去了? Take away 2 from 4 and you get 2. 四减二等于二。 ★ give away 赠送；分发 He gave away most of his money to charity. 把大部分钱都捐给了慈善事业。 We invited a famous actor to give away the prizes. 我们邀请了一位著名演员颁发奖品。
387) 你把我昨天给你看的那本书拿走了吗? Did you ________ the book which I showed you yesterday? 388) 他把不需要的材料剪裁掉了。 He ________ the material which he didn’t need. 389) 他们想要为希望工程捐款。 They want to ________ their money to Hope Project. 390) 天黑前风暴就应该会停止了。 The storm should ________ before dark. 391) 警察到来之前，那个小偷就已经跑走了。 The thief had ________ when the policemen came. 392) 我想这些小小的困难我们是能够克服的。 I think we’ll be able to ________ these little difficulties. 393) 请你把这些书收拾一下，好吗? Will you please ________ these books? ★ be off 离开；走开 I am sorry, but I must be off now. 很抱歉，我必须告辞了。 It’s time we were off. 该是我们走的时候了。 ★ break off 折断；突然停止 In the storm, a branch of the tree by the door broke off. 风暴中，门旁树上的一根树枝折断了。 He broke off in the middle of his talk when he saw a policeman coming. 他谈得正起劲时，看见警察走来，就忽然停住不说了。 ★ cut off 切断；割断；截断（退路等） He had two fingers cut off by the machine. 他被机器切掉了两个手指。 Then we cut off their retreat. 然后，我们切断了他们的退路。 ★ drive off 赶走；车（开走） Four years later they drove off the invaders. 四年后，他们赶走了入侵者。 The car drove off early in the morning. 汽车一大早就开走了。 ★ get off 下车；从……下来；离（躲）开 We will get off at the next stop. 我们将在下一站下车。 We have to get off before it gets dark 我们得趁着天还没黑下来就走。 ★ give off 发出（蒸汽、光等）；散发……味道 The flowers give off a pleasant smell. 这些花散发出怡人的香味。 This kind of coal gives off a lot of smoke. 这种煤燃烧时烟很大。 ★ go off （闹钟等）闹响 When my alarm goes off every morning, I turn it off immediately. 每天早晨当我的闹钟响时，我立即关掉它。 He rushed out of the house as soon as the alarm went off. 警铃一响，他就冲出房子。 ★ jump off 跳下 The bus stopped and he jumped off it. 公共汽车停了，他从车上跳下来。 The cat jumped off the tree and onto the ground. 那只猫从树上跳到地面上。 ★ pay off 还清；偿清 He paid off the debt with the money raised by his writings. 他用稿费收入还清了债务。 The couple worked day and night so as to pay off their debts. 这对夫妇夜以继日地工作以偿清债务。 ★ put off 推迟；拖延 The meeting will be put off until Friday. 这次会议将推迟到星期五开。 Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今天能做的事，千万不要拖到明天 ★ run off 跑掉；迅速离开 When he heard our dog barking, the stranger ran off. 那陌生人听到我们的狗叫就跑了。 Mike ran off when he heard that the police were hunting for him. 迈克听说警方正在搜捕他，就逃跑了。 ★ shut off 关掉；切断（电源等）；停止供应（煤气、水等） The water was shut off all at once. 水的供应立即中断了。 Shut off the radio, please. 请把收音机关上。 ★ set off 出发；动身；爆炸 She usually sets off for her factory at 6:30. 她通常六点半从家里动身到工厂去。 Do you know where the first atom bomb was set off? 你知道第一颗原子弹是在哪里爆炸的吗? ★ take off 脱下（衣、帽等）；起飞 He took off his coat as soon as he entered the room. 他一进屋便取下帽子。 The plane took off smoothly. 飞机平稳地起飞了。 ★ throw off 匆匆脱掉（衣服）；摆脱 He threw off his coat and jumped into the water. 他匆忙脱下衣服跳进水里。 She has thrown，off her old habits. 她已戒除了老习惯。 ★ turn off 关（电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等） Please turn off the water. 请把自来水关上。 Turn off the TV, please. 请把电视机关掉。 ★ wipe off 擦去 The girl wiped off her tears and looked at her mother. 那姑娘擦去眼泪，看着她的母亲。 The student wiped off a drawing from the blackboard. 那个学生将黑板上的图画擦掉。 【趁热打铁】根据每题汉语意思，选下面框内所给的短语动词完成句子，每个短语限用一次。
442) 百米决赛将于明天举行。 The final of the 100 metres will be ________ tomorrow. 443) 他们过几天就去北京了。 They will ________ for Beijing in a few more days. 444) 他们希望他把他们欠的债一笔勾销。 They hope he will ________ all their debts. 445) 很多关系的破裂都是因为不恰当的说话方式。 Many relationships ________ because of wrong speech. 446) 她忘关水龙头了，地板上全是水。 She forgot to ________ the tap, so there was water all over the floor. 447) 他切下一小片面包递给了我。 He ________ a small piece of bread and gave it to me. 448) 他设法摆脱了那些新闻记者。 He managed to ________ those newspaper reporters. 449) 他看见一个女孩上了公共汽车并把它开走了。 He saw a girl get on the bus and ________. 450) 飞往伦敦的123次班机将于五分钟后起飞。 Flight 123 to London will ________ in five minutes. 451) 计算机立即关闭了火箭发动机。 The computers immediately ________ the rocket engines. 452) 劳驾，我必须在下一站下车。 Excuse me, I have to ________ at the next stop. 453) 一艘从英国驶往美国的新轮船开始了它的首次航行。 A new ship ________ from England to America on its first trip. 454) 花园里的花发出宜人的香味。 The flowers in the garden ________ a pleasant smell. 455) 我的闹钟今天早上没有响。 My alarm clock didn’t ________ this morning. 456) 今天能做的事不要拖到明天。 Never ________ till tomorrow what you can do today. 457) 他决定用稿费偿清债务。 He decided to ________ the debt with the money raised by his writings. 458) 从正在行驶的火车上往下跳是很危险的。 It is dangerous to ________ a moving train.
【用法举例】 ★ ask for请求；要求得（见）到…… He asked for time to think all this over. 他要求给他一点时间把这一切仔细想想。 Do you think people would help you if you ask for help politely? 你认为你很礼貌地请求别人帮忙，别人就会帮你的忙吗？ ★ care for 关心；照顾 We care for each other, love and help each other. 我们互相关心，互相爱护，互相帮助。 Mary spent years in caring for her sick aunt. 玛丽照顾了她生病的婶婶好多年。 ★ head for朝……去；前往 He headed for me after I called him. 我叫了他一声之后，他朝我走过来了。 He left Poland and headed for Britain. 他离开波兰前往英国。 ★ look for 找；寻找 You’re looking for trouble if you don't pay your taxes. 如果你不纳税，那是在自找麻烦。 He began to look for a new job immediately after he was fired. 他被解雇后立即开始寻找一份新工作。 ★ reach for伸手去拿；达到 His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water right then. 他嘴里干得说不出话来，但那时他不能伸手去拿水喝。 We’ll do our best to help you to reach for your dreams. 我们将尽最大的努力来帮助你达到你的梦想。 ★ stand for代表；表示 Do you know what the sign over there stands for? 你知道那边的那个标志代表什么吗？ This sign stands for the evergreen plant in the biology. 这个符号在植物学上表示四季常青植物。 ★ send for派人去请；派人去拿 There was nothing to do but send for a doctor. 除了派人请大夫，没有别的办法。 Please keep the wallet until I send for it. 请把钱包保存好，一直等到我派人去拿。 ★ wait for 等待；等候 Time brings everything to those who can wait for it. 只要能耐心等待，时间就会带来一切。 When you are waiting for a bus, you should wait for your turn. 当你等候公共汽车的时候，你应该排队等候。
414) 你知道那个标志代表什么吗？ Do you know what that sign ________? 415) 当你询问一些事时，你应该说“请”和你得到某物时说“谢谢”。 Say “please” when you ________ something, and “thank you” after you receive something. 416) 时间会给那些耐心等待的人带来一切。 Time brings everything to those who can ________ it. 417) 每一个人都应该爱护地球母亲。 Everyone should ________ Mother Earth. 418) 除了派人请大夫，没有别的办法。 There was nothing to do but ________ a doctor. 419) 她的身体好多了，她的情绪也开始恢复如初。 She looked better and her feelings began to ________ herself. 420) 他很渴，但那时他不能伸手去拿水喝。 He was thirsty, but he could not ________ the water then. 421) 他被解雇后立即开始寻找一份新工作。 He began to ________ a new job immediately after he was fired. 通过以上从《奇速英语单词速记法》书中随机选取的一些例子，各位老师和同学已经见证了奇速英语串句奇速记忆法的神奇了吧。 那么，亲爱的老师和同学们，你们在教学和学习中就多多使用以上方法快速记忆单词吧。好了，明后天我们将进行更加神奇的初中英语1600单词奇速记忆法四的学习。究竟是什么方法，你明后天就知道了。特别提醒版权所有，如腾讯以外的媒体和个人摘抄部分内容或转载请务必注明出处，如果你喜欢我们，别忘了点击空间最上边的“关注”随时获得空间的最新信息，也别忘了把我们空间推荐给你的朋友。欢迎与我们留言互动，我们将不定期从留言互动的热心读者抽取部分赠送《奇速英语》精美图书或其它奖品。我是你的朋友《教育界》总策划&《奇速英语》总编蔡章兵（QQ757722345），祝你学习进步！ |
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