高考英语阅读理解命题案例研究2

 高考英语阅读理解命题案例研究2

（2012辽宁卷·阅读理解·C篇）

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

邓北平

 

 

 

第一节    （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

    阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

 

C

 If Confucius（孔子）were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He’d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.

    While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It’s nothing personal. Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.

    But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.

    In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy (哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. 

    So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.

    Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.

    As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.

64. The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ________. 文章结构，段落功能

A. provide some key facts about Confucius

B. attract the readers’ interest in the subject

C. show great respect for the ancient thinker

D. prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations

北平简评：文章结构题一般考的不多。从功能、组织等角度考察适合中国学生对英文文体与中文文体的同与异的掌握情况。起承转合，起在何处？如何起得有意思？大海航行靠舵手（兴：托物起兴，先言他物，后以联想），干革命靠的是毛泽东思想（落脚）。本文第一段的功能便是通过一个虚拟情节的“导入”，借以引发读者的兴趣，并借此实现段落功能。

对于写作教学的意义更为重大。一句话一个意思，几句话一个段落；一个段落一个意思，几个段落一篇文章。每句话的意思既是独立的，也是联系的。同理，每个段落的意思既是独立的，也是联系的。每一句有每一句的功能（我说了什么？我想干什么？），每一段有每一段的功能（上下文之间的关系，哪些是必要的意思，哪些是必要的技术）。

65. We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students ______. 简单推理

A. have a great interest in studying Chinese

B. take an active part in Chinese competitions （借are racing to learn Chinese影响）

C. try to get high scores in Chinese exams （不真实选项）

D. fight for a chance to learn Chinese   （ 不真实选项）

北平简评：段落事实推理。CD二选完全不具备真实性。B选略略有些汉译语词对中国考生的影响的借用，但绝非好题。

66. What is the best title for the passage? 主旨大义

A. Forgotten Wisdom in America

B. Huge Fans of the Chinese Language

C. Chinese Culture for Westerners

D. Old Thinker with a Big Future （So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.）

北平简评：理论上而言，符合微技能的问题都是必要问题，但提供的选项值得思考。A选选项不真实，大而化之。既没有点明孔子，也没有点明中国文化，只点了美国。要素不明或未明，这是选项设计之一大忌。B选之最大问题在于the Chinese Language，语言是小概念，文化是大概念，而孔子是中国文化的代表，必须点明，否则文章的思路会有重大逆转。我的一个重要方法就是让学生将the best title的四个选项代入文章或以某个选项标题为题另造文章，结果自明。为什么呢？因为不同的标题的涵盖范围不同，因而作者的命题思路亦将受到启发或限制。在某种意义上讲，标题正是一种思维限制。即控制你只能在什么范围造文。C选很接近，但过于大而空。如果你造文极可能选孔子为例，也可能选国乐、京剧、四大名著、书法等等为例造文，而不一定非孔子不可，既然已选孔子，则孔子必为重点要素，万不可省。

67. The passage is likely to appear in ___________. 作品推断

A. a biography

B. a history paper

C. a newspaper

D. a philosophy textbook

北平简评：推断包括多个方面，时间的节点、空间的节点、对象的节点等。因本文具有鲜明的新闻性（时间性、时效性，此谓之“新”；故事性、戏剧性、爆炸性，此谓之“闻”），故选项配置不具挑战性。

北平总论：高考英语阅读理解六大命题方向（微技能）皆为必要问题，但选项配置即可泄露命题者的命题思路、手法和水平。中国考生的概括能力与抽象思维能力较弱，所以，两类命题方向应特别注意：主旨要义、作者态度或文章意图。此二类俱为考查考生概括能力与抽象思维能力的方向，因此，在命题设计与教学评讲中，教师要注意概念的层级性的辨识与讲解、并以“我”的身份入题，即我是作者、我是文中人物、我是命题者，以此体贴，以此关怀，以此反观。凡设计主旨题，必须检验选项的适切性（大的要能涵盖，小的要能专指）

真正弄懂命题即是教学的内涵。

牢记命题（选项、场景、题干设置）的真实性原则，万不可误导考生。