高考冲刺单项选择的还原解题法

 在英语学习中，我们经常会遇到比较难的句子，而英语属于曲折性语言，它的语句并不总是像汉语“主——谓——宾”那样排列。因此学生在做题时就丈二和尚摸不着头脑了。这时，我们可以使用一种很有效的解题方法——还原法，即把原句还原成我们容易理解的正常结构。一旦还原，它们之间的相互关系就一目了然。
一、疑问句还原成陈述句
例：（海淀试题）
-Who are you going to have ___this letter for you?
-My secretary.
A. type   B. typed   C. been typed   D. been typing
解析：本题解题误区可能是学生们对完成时的构成记忆太清晰而选B。这是一个特殊疑问句，它的语序为：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句，特殊疑问词在句中充当成分作用。我们把它还原成陈述句，这样就可以看出其主语是you，那么who只可以充当have 的宾语，从而构成have +O+O.C的基本句型。宾语与宾语补足语在此题中的关系是主动关系，表示“让某人做某事”，其宾补是不带to的动词不定式。所以选 A。
评注：在英语中，一般疑问句是倒装语序，它要借助助动词提到主语之前，特殊疑问句还要把特殊疑问词提到句首，这时句中各词之间的关系就很难把握，还原之后则一目了然。
1. Who did the teacher ___the article for the wall newspaper?
A. write    B. have write    C. has written    D. have written
这是一个疑问句， 现把它改成陈述句， 即：The teacher had who write

the article for the wall newspaper. 故答案应是B项。
2. Who would you like to have ___the car?
A. repair    B. repaired    C. to repair    D. repairing
还原后应是这样一个句子：You would like to have who (m) repair the car. 答案是A项。3. Is this shop ___sells children’s clothing? 
A. which    B. the one that    C. the one    D. the one where.
此句的正常句子为：This shop is the one that sells children’s clothing.答案为B项。
4.–Is this the radio you want _____?
-Yes, it is.
A. to have repaired    B. to have repair
C. to have it repaired    D. to have repaired it
跟上句相似，还原后的句子为This is the radio you want to have repaired. 答案为A.。
二、被动语态还原成主动语态
例： (NMET96) The patient was warned ___only food after the operation.
A. to eat not    B. eating not    C. not to eat    D. not eating 
解析：本题的误区是： 同学们非常清楚warn 所构成的基本句式是warn sb of sth ; warn sb against sth ; warn sb to do sth ; warn sb not to do sth 。乍看起来本题是考查warn 后跟上什么非谓语动词，但有没学过被动语态的表达式。众所周知被动语态是把主动语态的宾语提到主语位置而形成的因此，我们不妨把它还原成宾语，从而可知该题应属于warn sb not to do sth 句型而选 C. 评注：被动语态是把主动语态的宾语作为主语而形成的，这样在被动语态中，其宾语就缺少了，从而造成了对动词搭配而形成的基本句式结构的模糊不清，所以在解决这一类问题时， 我们必须把主语还原成宾语构成主动语态，这样它们之间所形成的搭配关系就清楚了。
1. He has always insisted on ___Dr Johnson instead of Mr. Johnson.
A. his being called    B. him to be called    C. he be called    D. his calling
Insist on 与动名词搭配，本句用的是被动结构，我们可以把它还原成主动结构，即：Call him Dr. Johnson instead of Mr. Johnson.  故答案为A项 。
2. The question was not as simple as it ____.
A. expected to    B. was expecting to be    C. supposed to be    D. was supposed to be
这个被动句可以改成主动式：(people) expect (suppose ) it to (be simple ). 答案为C项 。3. The important news has been heard ____on the radio many times today.
A. broadcasting    B. broadcasted    C. to broadcast   D. being broadcasted
把这个句子还原，得到的主动结构为：broadcast the important news on the radio --- 答案为B项。
4. Though much wrong was ____him, he went on with his research.
A. made    B. laid    C. done    D. put
本句用了一个词组，do sb much wrong 因而这个句子仍属于被动结构的还原。 答案为C项。
三、感叹句还原成陈述句
(NMET1993)
______from Beijing to London!
A. How long way it is   B. what a long way is it
C. how long way is it   D. what a long way it is
解析：本题通过感叹号及题设可以看出这是对感叹号句的语序及构成的考查，其语序是陈述句的语序， 所以不能选B.C.。把它还原成陈述句， 即It’s a long way from ….to ….。故选D.
评注：感叹句的构成是为了加强语气而借助于感叹词并提到句首，所以只有把感叹词去掉还原成陈述句，才能知其原貌而做出选择，注意what 与how 之间的转换关系，一般来说， what 用来修饰名词（词组），how 而用来修饰形容词或副词。但当形容词能从名词词组中提取出来时也可以用how 。 比如：What a long way it is! 变为How long away it is !
四、定语从句的关系词还原
1. I will never forget the great difficulty he has taken ____the house.
A. to paint B. painting C. painted D. being painted
这个句子是定语从句，先行词是the great difficulty ，关系词已经省略，说明它充当宾语成分，等同于先行词，定语从句部分还原后应为he has taken the great difficulty painting the house 。 故答案应是B项。
2. This is the plan you will see ____soon.
A. carried out B. carried on C. carrying out D. carry out
此句仍然是定语从句还原， 即：you  will see the plan carried out soon  答案为A项. 五、固定词组搭配还原
1．They look forward with hope ____a chance to receive further education.
A. for getting    B. of getting   C. to getting    D. to get
 如果能找到本句的固定词组，look forward to doing  的话， 我们就很容易得出答案为 C 项。
2. The second is connected with the use the body ____food.
A. makes of    B. makes up of    C. makes from    D. makes into
本句的固定词组是make use of ，当中使用了定语从句和被动关系，这就增加了此句句子结构的难度。答案为A项。
六、将倒装句还原为陈述句
Never ___time come back again.
A.      will lose    B. will lost     C. will losing    D. will to lose
先把题干还原为陈述句，__time ___never come back again  可以发现应用lost 作定语，答案是B。该句意为： 失去的时间再也不会回来了。
七、将强调句还原为陈述句
It was for this reason ___her mother moved out of New York and settled in a small village.
A.      which    B. that    C. why    D. how
判断一个句子是否是强调句的最佳方法是看去掉It is /was …that 后原句是否完整无缺。 此题去掉it was 后， 原句 变为For this reason her mother moved out of New York and settled in a small village . ， 此句仍然准确无误，所以答案是B。 强调原因状语For this

reason。
八、将省略句还原为完整句
-What do you think made Mary so sad?
-___her new bicycle.
A. as she lost    B. lost    C. because of losing    D. losing
将答语还原为完整句： ____her new bicycle made Mary so sad。可发现空白处在句子中充当主语，只能用-ing 形式，答案是losing
九、将复杂句还原为简单句
Who do you think ___to see us this afternoon?
A. coming    B. to come    C. come    D. will come
此题的do you think 是插入语，增加了句子理解的难度，如果去掉的话，答案则一目了然 ，this afternoon 暗示用一般将来时，故答案是D。

练习：
1. Whom would you rather ___your bike?
A. repair B. have repaired C. repaired D. have repair 
2. Is this place ____you studied ten years ago?
A. that B. in which C. where D. what
3. Time must be made full use of ___hard.
A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 
(DCC)