实用高中英语短语与句型词典6

实用高中英语短语与句型词典

 

break

1. break away (from)

(1) 突然逃掉或离开。如：

The thief broke away from the policeman. 小偷从警察那逃脱了。

(2) 断绝往来，脱离。如：

He broke away from all his old friends. 他同他所有的老朋友断绝了往来。

(3) 改掉(旧习惯)，破除(旧作法)。如：

You must break away from such habits. 你必须改掉那些习惯。

2. break down

(1) (机器、车辆等)坏了。如：

The car broke down after an hour’s driving. 车子开了一个小时就坏了。

(2) (计划、谈判等)失败。如：

Our plans have broken down. 我们的计划已失败了。

(3) (谈话、通讯等)中断。如：

He broke down as he was singing. 他没唱完就突然停住了。

(4) (健康、精神等)变坏。如：

Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 工作的压力把他的身体弄垮了。

3. break in

(1) 突然进来，强行进入。如：

He broke in and stole my money. 他闯进来偷了我的钱。

(2) 插嘴，打岔。如：

He broke in with some ideas of his own. 他插话谈了自己的一些想法。

Please don’t break in on our conversation. 请不要打断我们的谈话。

The secretary broke in to say that a telegram had just arrived. 秘书插话说刚收到一个电报。

注：以上用法的 break in 通常是不及物的，但有时也用作及物动词，带宾语，表示：训练某人(物)，使某人(物)适应。如：

He is breaking in the new man as a machine operator. 我在训练那个新工人操作机器。

Two weeks in the new office should be enough to break you in. 在新办公室上两星期的班便足以让你适应了。

4. break into

(1) 强行进入。如：

The thieves planned to break into a bank. 这些小偷计划闯银行。

(2) 突然……起来。如：

Hearing the news, she broke into tears. 听到这个消息，她就哭了起来。

The man broke into a run when he saw the police. 那个人一看到警察，拨腿就跑。

(3) 打断，插嘴。如：

He broke into the discussion with a shout of warning. 他大声警告，打断了讨论。

(4) 占用时间。如：

Social activities break into my time. 社会活动占去了我的时间。

注：break into 与 break in 的有时可表示相同的意思，但前者通常为及物的，后者通常为不及物的。

5. break off

(1) 停止讲话。如：

He broke off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话没讲完就停住了。

(2) 暂停，休息。如：

Let’s break up for a rest. 我们休息一会儿吧。

(3) (使)折断。如：

The mast has (been) broken off. 桅杆折断了。

6. break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生或爆发。如：

A fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。

The 2nd World War broke out in September, 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。

Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常发生在冬季。

注：是不及物动词，所以不能带宾语，也不能用于被动语态。

7. break through

(1) 突破，有重要创见。如：

Scientists say they’re beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 科学家们说，他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破。

(2) 克服，征服。如：

You must try to break through your shyness. 你必须要设法克服羞怯。

(3) 强行穿过(进入)。如：

The enemy’s defences were strong but our soldiers broke through. 敌人的防线很艰固，但仍为我军所突破。

注：有时指太阳、月亮等从云层里出来。如：

The sun broke through at last in the afternoon. 下午太阳终于从云层里钻了出来。

8. break up

(1) 解散，驱散。如：

The police broke up the crowd (the meeting). 警察驱散了人群(集会)。

(2) (学校等)放假。如：

When do you break up for Christmas? 你们什么时候放圣诞节假?

(3) 结束，破裂。如：

The weather shows signs of breaking up. 好天气看样要过去了。

Their marriage is breaking up. 他们的婚姻濒临破裂。

(4) 击碎，撞碎。如：

The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞毁了。

(5) 绝交。如：

She’s just broken up with her boy-friend. 她刚与男朋友绝交。

 

breakfast

1. at breakfast 在吃早餐(的时候)。如：

He was at breakfast when I came. 我来时他正在吃早餐。

I always drink tea at [during] breakfast. 我总是用早餐时饮茶。

2. for breakfast 为早餐(而吃东西)。如：

I have an egg for breakfast. 我早餐吃一只鸡蛋。

3. have breakfast 吃早餐。如：

They were having breakfast when I arrived. 我们到达时他们正在吃早餐。

 

bring

1. bring about 引起，实现，导致。如：

What brought about his illness? 他的病是怎样引起的?

Science has brought about many changes in our lives. 科学给我们的生活带来了很多变化。

2. bring (a)round

(1) 使改变观点或看法。如：

They tried to bring him round to their views. 他们试图让他改变看法同意他们的意见。

(2) 使苏醒。如：

I am sure our doctors will bring him around in no time. 我相信医生会很快把他治好。

(3) 顺便把某人带来串门。如：

Why don’t you bring your wife around to see us sometime. 为什么不把你妻子哪天带来玩玩?

3. bring back

(1) 送还，带回。如：

Please bring back the book tomorrow. 请明天送还这本书。

He brought me back in his car. 他用汽车把我送回家。

(2) 使想起，使恢复。如：

The old photo brought back many memories. 这张旧照片引起了许多回忆。

A week by the sea brought her back to health. 她在海滨呆了一周后就恢复了健康。

4. bring down

(1) 击落或打落(飞机、飞鸟等)。如：

We managed to bring down three of the enemy planes. 我们设法击落了三架敌机。

注：有时也表示：使落下。如：

The pilot brought his crippled plane down in a field. 飞行员把失灵的飞机降落在田野里。

(2) 打死或打伤(野兽、动物等)。如：

He aimed, fired and brought down the antelope. 他瞄准羚羊射击，把它打倒了。

(3) 使倒下，推翻。如：

The wind brought down a number of trees. 大风吹倒了一些树。

The scandal may bring down the government. 这一丑闻有可能使政府垮台。

(4) 降低(温度、价格、费用等)。如：

The government tried to bring down the price. 政府设法降低价格。

5. bring forth 产生，引起，结果。如：

Trees bring forth fruit. 树结果实。

She has brought forth a child. 她已生了一个孩子。

6. bring in

(1) 收获(庄稼等)。如：

We brought in a good harvest last year. 我们去年获得了好的收成。

(2) 获利，(使)得到(收入)。如：

The sale of the house only brought in about $45，000. 房子只卖了大约45000美元。

(3) 介绍，引进。如：

He brought in six new members last month. 他上个月介绍了六位新会员。

(4) 聘请。如：

They’ve brought in experts to advise on the scheme. 他们已聘请专家对这项计划提出意见。

(5) 逮捕，抓入警察局。如：

Two suspicious characters were brought in. 两个可疑的人被逮捕。

7. bring off

(1) 从船上救出。如：

The lifeboat brought off all the crew. 救生船把船上所有船员都救了出来。

(2) 成功，设法做成。如：

It was a difficult task but I brought it off. 那是项困难的工作，但我还是终于把它完成了。

8. bring on

(1) 带来，造成，引起。如：

Dirt often bring on diseases. 脏东西常常引起疾病。

He was out in the rain all day and this brought on a bad cold. 他在外面淋了一天雨，因此患了重感冒。

(2) 促使成长或生长。如：

The hot weather is bringing the wheat on nicely. 因为天气炎热，小麦长势良好。

(3) 帮助(学习者等)进步或提高。如：

More study can bring on your English. 多花点时间学习可以提高你的英语水平。

9. bring out

(1) 取出，拿出。如：

He brought out his dictionary and looked the word up init. 他拿出词典来查这个词。

(2) 显示出，揭示出，衬托出，使出来。如：

It brought out the meaning of the poem. 它揭示出了这首诗的意义。

This picture is very clear and brings out the wrinkles in her face. 这张照片很清晰，把她脸上的皱纹都照了出来。

The sunshine will bring out the blossom. 阳光将使花儿开放。

(3) 出版(书刊等)，推出(作品、产品等)。如：

He has brought two new books at the same time. 他同时出版了两本新书。

This factory has brought out a new type of car. 这家工厂生产了一种新型汽车。

10. bring over 说服，使改变(思想等)。如：

You can’t bring me over by such an argument. 你这样的论点不能改变我的看法。

11. bring through 使度过(困难，危机等)。如：

They brought him through the cold winter. 他们帮他度过严冬。

He was very ill, but the doctors brought him through. 他病得很严重，但医生使他转危为安。

12. bring together 使和解。如：

I’m not sure that John and his wife can be brought together. 我不敢说约翰与他妻子能和好如初。

13. bring up

(1) 提出，提起。如：

Why brought that up again? 又提它干吗?

In the course of study they brought up many questions. 在学习过程中他们提出了许多问题。

(2) 抚养，培养。如：

He was brought up in the country. 他在农村长大。

She brought up five children. 他抚养了五个孩子。

(3) 呕吐。如：

He was so ill that he brought up everything. 他病得很重，什么都吐了出来。

14. bring sb sth 拿某物给某人。如：

Bring me today’s paper. 请把今天的报纸给我拿来。

Could you bring me that chair? 请帮我把那把椅子拿来好吗?

注：该结构也可说成 bring sth to sb。如上面两句也可说成：

Bring today’s paper to me.

Could you bring that chair to me?

 

build

1. build sb sth 为某人建(做)某物。如：

They built me a house. 他们为我建了一座房子。

His father built him a model plane. 他父亲给他做了一架模型飞机。

注：该句型也可改为 built sth for sb, 如以上各句也可说成:

They built a house for me.

His father built a model plane for him.

2. build sth into sth

(1) 把某物建在另一物里面。如：

He built a bookcase into the wall. 他在墙里建了个书橱。

注：该结构中的介词 into 也可换成 in。

(2) 将某事物加入另一事物中(尤指把条款写入合同等)。如：

We built an extra clause into the contract. 我们把一项额外条款写入了合同中。

(3) 把某物建设成另一物。如：

We’re working hard to build China into a prosperous powerful socialist country. 我们正在努力工作，把中国建设成为一个繁荣富强的社会主义国家。

注：有时用于人。如：

He has built his boys into men. 他已把自己的孩子培养成大人。

3. be built of 由……建成。如：

All the houses there were built of wood. 那里所有的房子都是用木头盖的。

4. build sth on [upon] sth

(1) 将一事物作为另一事物的基础。如：

The engine is built on a new principle. 这种发动机是根据一种新的原理制造出来的。

(2) 指望，依靠，把……寄托于。如：

You can build on his honesty. 你可以信赖他的诚实可靠。

Don’t build too many hopes on [upon] his promises. 不要对他的承诺抱太多的希望。

注：该结构中的介词 on 有时也可用 upon。

5. build sth out of sth 用某物做(建)成另一物。如：

Birds build their nests out of twigs. 鸟用细树枝筑巢。

They built me a model ship out of wood. 他们用木头为我做了一个船的模型。

6. build up

(1) 增强，加强，逐渐形式。如：

The clouds are building up. 云层正在聚集起来。

Exercise builds up the muscles. 锻炼增强肌肉。

Our pressure on the enemy is building up. 我们对敌人的压力正在逐渐加强。

(2) 夸奖，吹捧。如：

Don’t build me up too much. 别把我夸得太过分了。

 

burn

1. burn away 烧掉，烧毁。如 ：

The pile of paper burned away to nothing. 这堆已化为灰烬。

2. burn down 烧掉，烧毁。如：

A number of houses were burned down in the fire. 在火灾中烧掉了不少房子。

3. burn off 烧毁，烧尽。如：

The farmers are burning off the stubble from the fields. 农民正把地里的庄稼茬烧掉。

4. burn out 烧完，烧掉，烧坏。如：

The building was burned out and only the walls remained. 大楼被烧空了，只剩下墙。

The engine is [has] burned out. 引擎被烧坏了。

5. burn up

(1) 烧完，烧尽。如：

We burned up all the dead leaves in the garden. 我们把花园里所有的枯叶都烧掉了。

(2) 烧得很旺。如：

As we gazed, the fire burned up again. 我们正看着时，火又重新燃烧起来。

 

burst

1. be bursting to do sth 急于要做某事。如：

He was bursting to tell her the news. 他急于要告诉她这条消息。

2. burst forth 突然出现，突然爆发出，突然喊出。如：

A broad smile burst forth on his face. 他顿时笑容满面。

A cry of horror burst forth from the crowd. 人群中突然发出恐惧的叫喊声。

"Why don’t you behave? " he burst forth. “你为什么不放规矩一点呢? ”他大声喊。

3. burst into

(1) 突然闯入。如：

Don’t burst into my bedroom without knocking. 请不要不敲而贸然闯入我的卧室。

(2) 突然……起来。如：

She burst into tears (laughter, song). 她突然哭(笑， 唱)起来。

The entire hall burst into thunderous cheers. 全场发出了雷鸣般的欢呼。

注：这样用的 burst into 后通常接具有动作意义的名词。

4. burst out

(1) 大声叫喊。如：

"I don’t believe it"， he burst out. “我不相信”，他大声说道。

注：这样用的 burst out 与 burst forth 同义。

(2) 突然……起来。如：

She burst out crying (laughing, singing). 她突然哭(笑，唱)起来。

注：这样用的 burst out 后通常接动名词。

 

bury

1. bury sth in sth 使某物陷入另一物之中。如：

The dog buried its teeth in my leg. 那条狗咬住了我的腿。

注：有时用被动语态。如：

He walked slowly, his hands buried in this pockets. 他慢慢地走着，两手插在口袋里。

2. bury oneself in sth 专心于，埋头于，沉浸于。如：

He buried himself in his work (studies). 他埋头于工作(学习)。

注：有时用被动语态。如：

He was buried in grief. 他沉浸于悲痛之中。

He was buried in thought. 他在沉思。

 

bus

1. by bus 乘公共汽车。如：

He went home by bus. 他乘公共汽车回家。

注：有时也用 on [in] the bus。如：

He came here on [in] a bus. 他是乘公共汽车来的。

2. catch (miss) the bus 赶上(错过)公共汽车。如：

I missed the early bus. 我没赶上早班车。

Fortunately he caught the last bus. 幸亏他赶上末班车。

3. change buses 换车。如：

You’d have to change buses at least twice. 你至少要换两次车。

 

business

1. business is business 公事公办(即不讲交情等)。如：

Bill may be a friend but business is business, and he’s not the best man for the job. 比尔可以算是朋友，但公事公办，他不是做这项工作最适合的人选。

2. do business with sb 与某人做生日。如：

It’s a pleasure to do business with you. 同你做生意很愉快。

We don’t do much business with foreign companies. 我们跟外国公司没有多少生意来往。

3. get down to business 认真干事，开始谈正经事。如：

It’s time we got down to business. 我们该认真办事了(讨论实质问题了)。

4. have no business doing [to do] sth无权做某事，没有理由做某事。如：

You’ve no business to say that. 你无权说那样的话。

He had no business going swimming that day. 他那天不该去游泳。

5. in business 在经商。如：

He is no longer in business. 他不再经商。

Most of my family are in business. 我们一家大多数经商。

6. mind one’s own business 管自己的事，不干涉别人的事。如：

A：Where did you go last night? 昨晚你去那儿去了?

B：Mind your own business. 你少管闲事。

7. none of one’s business 与某人无关，不关某人的事。如：

It’s none of your business. 这不关你的事(你少管闲事)。

I know it’s none of my business, but what did you decide?

我知道这不关我的事，但我还是想请问你作出了什么决定呢?

注：有时也说 no business of sb’s。如：

It’s no business of yours. 这不关你的事。

8. on business 因公，出差，办事。如：

No admittance except on business. 非公莫入。

I’m here on business, not for pleasure. 我是来办公事，不是来玩的。