|
delight to one’s delight 该词组意为“使某人高兴”，还可以表达为“to the delight of sb.”。 能这样表达的还有to one’s joy,to one’s surprise,to one’s sorrow等。如： To my shame, I completely forgot our date. demand ①当可数名词“要求”用 We refused his unreasonable demands.我们拒绝了他的无理要求。 ②当不可数名词用 There is a great demand for typists but(a)poor demand for clerks.打字员很抢手但是办公室职员几乎没人需要。 ③当动词用：demand+名词、代词、从句或to do sth.如： They demanded the right to do things they like. 他们要求有做自己喜欢做的事情的权力。 The lady demanded to see our headmaster.那个女士要求见校长。 He demanded that we (should)try to finish our work on time.他要求我们按时完工。 宾语从句用虚拟语气形式，主+should+动原…… ④demand问 “How old are you?”he demanded. 他问我“你多大啦？” depend on(=rely on)依靠；依赖；以……而定；取决于……。如： ①Whether you will succeed or not depends on how hard you work.你是否成功得看你努力的程度。 ②I don’t want to depend on my parents any longer.我不想再依赖父母了。 destroy t.毁坏；破坏；毁灭。 ①Don’t destroy the box .It may be useful.不要弄坏这个盒子，可能还有用。 ②The whole building was badly desdtroyed by the fire.整幢楼房都被大火严重烧毁了。 determine v. （1）决心、决定，其后可接动词不定式、从句或on引导的短语。如： We determined to get the work done before October 1.我们决定在“十一”之前完成这项工作。 She determined to go that very afternoon. Have you determined where you’re going to spend the summer vocaion?你决定在哪儿过暑假了吗？ They determined on an early start.他们决定早动身。 He has determined on going home next week.他决定下周回家。 （2）使……决意，后接不定式或介词短语作宾补。如： What determined you to accept the invitation?什么原因使你接受这个请帖？ The situation determined him against further delay.形势使他决定不再拖延。 （3）be determined(to do sth.)下定决心；有决心，后接不定式或从句。如： He was determined to study English well.他下决心把英语学好。 I was determined not to follow their advice. We were determined that we should never allow such things to happen again.我们决定绝不允许这类事情再次发生。 （注意从句运动用should + 动词原形）] determine to do sth.决定（心）做…… I left him,determined never to set foot in that house again. devote…to…把……献给，把……用在 devote oneself to…致力于，献身于 be devoted to…专心致志于，献身于，忠于 ①Mary devotes too much time to eating. ②He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind. ③He devoted himself entirely to music. ④He was still devoted to the study of chemistry. ⑤He is very devoted to his wife. die out 熄灭；绝种；逐渐消失。如： ①The fire died out .火灭了。 ②That talkative man’s voice died out.那个健谈的人的声音渐渐地听不见了。 2.the + 形容词（分词）表示一类人的用法。 常见的短语有： the old(young; rich; poor; learned; living…).如： The living should carry out what the dead unfinished. 活着的人（后人）应该把前人未竞事业进行到底。 3.no more than①(=noly)仅仅，不过。②两者都不。如： ①What can I do, I’m no more than a citizen. 我能怎么样，我只不过是个平民百姓。 ②Tom is no cleverer than Jack.汤姆和杰克都不聪明。 但是：not more than 表示A 不如B（……）或不超过。如； ①My English is not better than yours. 我的英语不如你的好。 ②I think you are not more than twenty years old. 我想你不满二十岁吧。 diet; food 两者都可作“食物”解。diet指的是习惯上吃的食物或规定要吃的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物，如病人的疗养饮食。food是一般用语。凡能吃喝的具有营养的东西都可称food.例如： The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world。中国的饮食被认是世界上最健康的饮食。 Proper diet and exercise are both important to health.适当的饮食和锻炼对健康都很重要。 He is on a special diet to lose weight.他服用特别饮食以减肥。 The doctor put him on a liquid diet after operation.手术之后医生规定他吃流食。 They eat different kinds of food which change into energy.他们吃的各种各样的食物都转化成能量。 His food includes eggs, vegetables, fruit and some soft drinks.他的食物包括鸡蛋、蔬菜、水果和一些软饮料。 dip into 蘸进；随便翻阅；稍稍研究 I haven’t read that book properly. I’ve only dipped into it. 我没有好好读那本书，仅随便翻阅一下。 I’ve only dipped into politics. 我对政治研究不深。 discover discover sth.发现某物；discover oneself暴露自己的身份；discover sb. doing sth.发现某人在做某事;discover sb./sth.to be…发现某人（物）……；discover + that 从句发现……常用搭配：discover one’s mistake/an island/the truth发现自己的错误/一座岛/事实的真相 [应用]完成句子 ①我们发现他是一位出色的舞蹈家。 We ____her _____ ____ a good dancer./We _____ that_____ ____a good dancer. ②有人发现她在偷东西。 Someone ______ ______ ______ things./Someone discovered that ______ ______stealing things. Key:①discovered，to, be/discovered, she, was ②discovered,her,stealing/she,was distance n.距离；远处
When they finish their talk, the two may be quite a distance from the place where they were standing.当谈话结束时，两个人离他们原来站的地方可能有相当一段距离了。 The waterfall can be heard at a distance of two miles. 在 两英里外就能听到这瀑布声。 Hills are blue in the distance.远处的山呈蓝色。 The lion looks dangerous, so I decide to keep a distance away from it.狮子看起来很危险，所以我决定离它远点儿。 What’s the distance between Beijing and Shanghai? 北京到上海之间的距离是多少？ disturb,interrupt disturb有“打扰，扰乱，使（人）心神不宁”之意。如：disturb the sleeping child/one’s plan/the piblic peace 打扰睡觉的孩子/打乱计划/扰乱社会治安；be mentally disturbed精神上受到影响；be disturbed about 对……感到不妥。 对比：interrupt 有“打断，打扰”之意，侧重打断。如：Don’t interrupt me while I’m busy.我忙的时候不要打扰我。 [应用]完成句子 ①她获悉母亲得急病后感到心神不安。 She was________ ________ her mother’s sudden illness./She was________ _______hear of her mother’s sudden illness./She was________ ________ the news of her mother’s sudden illness. ②不要打断那位演讲者，他讲完再问你的问题。 Don’t _________ the speaker;ask your question after the meeting. Key:①disturbed, about/disturbed,to/disturbed, by ②interrupt do all sb.can to do sth.:do what sb.can to do sth.尽某人的所能做某事 all 后面为that 所引导的定语从句，that在从句中作宾语已被省略；can后面为避免重复省略了do;后面的to do sth.为不定式（短语）作目的状语。all(that)sb.can(do)相当于宾语从句what sb.can(do)。 ①I’ll do all I can to help you.我将尽力帮助你。 ②He did all he could to improve his spoken English. 他尽了最大努力来提高英语口语水平。 Do give her my regards.请一定代我她问好。 助动词 do 及其变化形式可在肯定句中用来强调动词，意为“务必；一定；的确；真的”,加强了句子的语气。 ①Do be careful! 一定要小心 ② I do like you.我真的喜欢你。 ③She does work very hard.她学习确实很努力。 ④—Why didn’t you tell him?你为什么不告诉他？ —I did tell him.我告诉他了。 do sb. a favour或do a favour for sb.给某人帮个忙，如果有to do sth.则常用。 do sb.the favour to do sth.如： ①I wonder if you can do me a favour?我不知道你能不能帮我个忙？（没有说干何事） ②Please do me the favour to open the door, I want to go out. 麻烦你给我开一下门，我要出去。 do up 收拾（东西）。整理、梳装打扮、系（扣）好…… ①He was so hurried that he did up his buttons wrongly. 他太着急了以致于扣错了纽扣。 ②She spent a long time doing up her hair.她花了很长时间把头盘起来。 Do you think so? ①“so”用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，等于代替肯定的名词性从句，可与believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose, think等及It appear…,It seems和I’m afraid连用。 “Will they go to see him?” “I believe so.(DI believe[that]they will go to see him.)” ②表示否定时，用not代替so,但在believe,suppose,think等动词之后，如I don’t think(believe,suppose)so等，通常仍可与so连用。 ③不能和表示确信、疑问的词语连用。 I doubt about it.(√) I doubt so.(×) do walking 步行。“do + 动名词”结构表示“干某事，有较灵活的译法。 do reading(读书)/washing(洗衣服)/cooking(做饭)/shopping(买东西)/cleaning(打扫除)等。 Do what I told you to . Don’t be late again. Make sure the door is shut. 让对方做或不做某事时 dozens of几十；许多。 ①She bought dozens of dresses.她买了许多衣服。 ②I’ve borrowed dozens of books for my daughter.我为女儿借了许多书。 doubt v.& n.怀疑，不相信 n. of…对……（抱）怀疑或悲观（态度） doubt 从句在否定句及疑问句中多跟that 引起的从句，在肯定句中多跟 whether(if)引起的从句。 ①I doubt the truth of this report. ②They have never doubted of success. ③I don’t doubt that you are honest. ④Can you doubt that he will win? ⑤I doubt if that was what he wanted. 该词作名词时有以下短语 beyond(all)doubt毫无疑问；in doubt怀疑，犹豫，不肯定；no doubt肯定地，想必；without doubt毫无疑问，一定地 ①The truth of the story is beyond doubt. ②I was in doubt about what to do. ③No doubt I learned a lot from that lecture. ④Without doubt these theories were all wrong. dream vi.做梦，迫切希望 As he slept, he dreamed a dream. 他睡觉时做了一个梦。 W e dream of peace.我们梦想和平。 拓展：dream a pleasant/sweet/horrible dream 做好梦/甜梦/噩梦 live a happy/quiet/hard/normal life 过幸福/平静/艰苦/正常的生活 die a glorious death死得光荣 Do you dream at night?你晚上做梦吗？ dream of……多用于否定句中，“做梦也没想到，从未想到过” I never dream of getting so much money. 我从未幻想过得到这么多钱。 Dream+从句 We never dreamed that the film was so long. 我们怎么也没想到这部电影这么长。 dream of迫切希望、渴望。 People all over the world are dreaming of peace. 全世界人民都渴望和平。 dreamy(adj.)模糊的，梦幻般的 I don’t believe your dreamy words.我不信你的梦语。 动词 + about read about读到有关的内容；know about了解；learn about得知有关……；hear about 听说过；forget about 忘记有关……；talk about 谈论；argue about争论；chat about闲谈；tell about讲述有关……；think about考虑；write about写有关的……；joke about拿……开玩笑；worry about为……担心。 [应用]汉译英 ①我已在报纸上读到了有关这次事故的情况。 ②这件事我几乎忘了。 Key:①I’ve read about the accident in the newspaper. ②I almost forget about this matter. 动词+at 动词+at, 其中的at多表示“目标，方向”。如： shout at朝……喊；laugh at 嘲笑；throw at 朝……扔；shoot at朝……射击；point at指着；aim at瞄准；call at拜访；stare at盯着；glance at一瞥；take a look at 看一眼；pull at 拉，扯；arrive at到达；come at 朝……起来；tear at撕，扯 [应用]完成句子 ①别对那孩子大声嚷嚷，你吓坏她了。 Don’t ________ ________ the girl. You frightened her. ②他被朋友们嘲笑了。 He _________ _________ _________ by his friends. Key:①shout, at ②was, laughed, at 动词不定式的省略 为了避免重复，我们常常把作宾语、宾补和谓语动词的一部分的不定式省略，只保留动词不定式的符号to。现将常见省略不定式的几种情况通过实例加以简析，供大家参考： (1)—How about coming to my house? —I’d love to if it doesn’t give you so much trouble. 在hope, like, love, promise, want, wish等词后作宾语的不定式常省略。再如： You may go if you want to. She can get a job if she hopes to. —How about going hunting with me tomorrow? —I’d like to, but I have no time. （2）Don’t close the window until I ask you to. 在allow, ask, tell 等词后作宾语补足语的不定式常省略。再如： Don’t touch the light unless your mother allows you to. Don’t plant potatoes until the peasant tells you to. （3）He didn’t want to hand in his composition, but he had to. 在be able to, be going to, have to, need to, enough to, used to等后的不定式需省略。再如： I don’t sing much, now, but I used to a lot. If you don’t want to say anything at the meeting, you don’t need to. She didn’t go out last night, because she was afraid to. 在afraid, glad, happy, pleased, sorry等词后作状语的不定式常省略。再如：—Will you go with me to see the film tonight? —I’ll be glad to. 动词 + off短语 fly off 飞走；go off 离开；take off 脱下，起飞；run off 跑开；fall off 掉下；turn off 关上；get off 下来；drive off 驶离；hurry off 匆忙离开；keep off 离开，勿靠近；pay off 还清（债）put off 推迟；send off驱逐；set off 出发，动身；throw off 扔掉，匆忙脱衣；ring off 挂断电话； [应用]完成句子 ①此处很危险，让孩子们离开。 It’s dangerous here.______ ______ the children. ②火车刚到，一大群人正在下车。 The train has just come in, with crowds of people_____ ______it. Key:①keep ,off ②getting, off 动词 + up go up(物价等)上涨，上升；build(up)one’s health使身体强壮；turn up 出席，到场，开大音量；divide up 分配；分给；set up 建立；come up走近，发芽；pick up 拾起，用车接，收听（节目）;send up发射；get up 起床；grow up 长大；look up仰望，查阅；eat up 吃光；drink up喝光；use up用光；stay/sit up熬夜；give up放弃；take up占空间，从事，开始干；keep up保持，继续；put up举起，建起；hang up挂起来；hold up举起；join up 连接起来；rise up奋起反抗；move up向前移动；lift up扶起;do up包，捆；hurry up赶快；call up 打电话；break up拆散，破裂;make up组成，化妆，编造；bring up抚养大；dress up打扮；add up加起来；warm up变暖，热身。 [应用]完成句子 ①物价在天天上涨。 Prices are_____ _____ day after day. ②衣服常常挂在火炉附近。 The clothes are often_______ ______ near a fire. ③妈妈的把孩子扶起来，领走了。 The mother_____ the baby______ and took him away. ④他到乡下呆了一段时间，身体好了起来。 He went and stayed in the countryside for a period of time and _____ ______ ______ _______. Key: ①going, up②hung, up③lifted, up④built, up, his, health drop用法归纳 drop可用作名词“滴”；用作不及物动词“掉下，滴下”；用作及物动词“使掉（滴）下”。如： a drop of blood一滴血；drop by rop/in drops一滴一滴地；drop from the tree从树上掉下来；drop to the ground 落在地上；drop the letter into the mailbox把信投进信箱；drop a handkerchief/stone掉下手帕/石头 习语：drop in 顺便拜访；drop in on sb.顺便走访某人；drop in at his school顺便拜访他的学校。 [应用]完成句子 ①我看见一个苹果从树上掉下来。 I saw an apple______ _______ the tree. ②他们这样做是搬起石头咂自己的脚。 In doing so they are lifting a rock to _______ ________on their feet. ③你路过的话，千万要来。 Do _______ _______ if you happen to be passing. Key: ①drop,from ②drop, it ③drop, in due to , be due to be due(to)有“应付给，应到的，预期的”之意，多用作表语，to不定式符号；而due to表示“由于，起因于”时，to是介词，相当于because of。如： The train is due to arrive at 12.火车应于12点到。 When is the ship due?船预定何时到？ The accident was due to careless driving车祸是粗心驾车引起的。 [应用]完成句子 ①那项计划由于资金不足而失败。 The program failed ________ _________lack of money. ②希尔先生预定明天演讲两次。 Mr Hill_________ _________ ________ lecture twice tomorrow. Key:①due,to ②is ,due, to earn v.赚；得到
He earns $ 10,000 a year.他一年赚10,000英镑。 His honesty earned him great respect.他因诚实而博得人们的尊敬。 She earned her living by singing in a nightclub.她靠在夜总会唱歌谋生。 earn, gain, win ,get 四个词均有“得到”之意，但earn指经过艰苦努力所得到的报偿，意为“赚得”；gain指作出很大努力而“获得”，所得东西常有一定价值；get是普通词，指不一定需要努力就能“得到”；win意为“赢得”，含有取胜一方具有优越条件而能克服障碍之意。这四个词有时可通用。 [应用]英译汉 ①earn much money/a prize/one’s living ②gain a victory/experience/the first prize/ten dollars/a living/success/the battle/a doctor’s degree ③get one’s help/full marks Key: ①挣得很多钱/获奖/谋生 ②获胜/取得经验/获得一等奖/赚10美元/谋生/获得成功/赢得战斗/获博士学位 ③得到某人的帮助/得满分 earn one’s living,make one’s living 谋生，挣钱过活。 The professor earns his living by teaching at a language school. eat up 吃光；吃掉。 He was so hungry that he ate up all the cakes and none was left.他太饿了，把所有的蛋糕都吃完了，一点也没剩。 类似的短语还有：drink up喝光；喝净。/burn up 烧完；烧掉。/use up 用完；用尽。/clean up打扫干净。 effect have effect on 对……有影响，相当于affect： It has had such a bad effect on him. effort短语归纳 make the greatest effort 做最大努力；make great efforts尽最大努力；make a special effort作出特殊努力；make an effort to do sth.努力做某事；make every effort to help you尽力帮助你;make one last effort作最后的努力；make no effort不努力；spare no efforts to do sth.不遗余力去做某事;with(an)effort艰难地；without effort轻而易举地；in an effort努力。 [应用]完成句子 ①他身体很强壮，可以轻易地提起那个重箱子。 He is strong enough to lift the heavy box _________. ②我们会不遗余力地阻止他们采取这一步骤。 We will ________ _______ _______to prevent them from takingthis step. ③他艰难地游泳，为的是救出那个孩子。 He swam with difficulty________ _________ _______ ________ save the boy. ④我不会努力去帮助这样的人。 I’ll ________ _________ _______ to help such a person. Key:①without,effout ②spare, to ,efforts ③in, an, effort, to ④make, no, efforts make efforts to do sth.努力（尽力）干…… make an effort (at)尽力，努力…… spare no effort不遗余力 I made every effort to get it (at getting it) end up 结果，结束 He started as an employee and ended up as head of the firm. 他以职员开始而最后成为公司的主管。 The party ended up with a song. 晚会以一首歌曲结束。 If you continue to drive so carelessly, you’ll end up in hospital. 如果你继续这样不小心开车，你会进医院的。 对比：end指完结或终止，为意义最单纯的用语； close指把已开始的事物像关闭似的加以结束； finish尤指最后的修饰工作，或把已经做的加以完成； complete指把不完美的各点或有缺陷的部分加以补充完成。 Let’s end the discussion. The meeting was closed by the chairman’s speech. Try to finish your homework before 9 o’clock. Have you completed your new programme? escape（1）vi.逃走；vt.逃避 The soldier managed to escape by running into the woods. 那个士兵进树林逃掉了。 You were lucky enough to escape punishment / being punished. 你很幸运逃脱了惩罚。 (2)n.[c]逃脱，逃亡 have a narrow escape 九死一生，死里逃生 exam; exmination; test; quiz examination通常只指正式的“考试”，如期末考试、入学考试等。exam是examination的缩写，常用于口语，多为学生使用。test为“小考”成“考查”,quiz为“测验”,特指事先无准备，随时进行的测验，也可指（广播节目中的）一般知识测验、问答比赛、猜谜等。例如： He did very well in the entrance examination. 他在入学考试中成绩很好。 There’s going to be a physics test this afternoon.今天下午将进行物理考试。 The teacher gave us a five-minute quiz.老师对我们进行了一次五分钟的小测验。 example; pattern;model pattern“型、式样、图样”可指供模仿的某物原型或精心设计出的图样或模型，也可指榜样。如： Can you use the sentence pattern?他会用这个句型吗？ She is a pattern for us.她是我们学习的典范。 model“模型、模范”，指供模仿或值得信效的人或物。如： Have you seen his model ship?你看见过他的船模吗？ example “例子、榜样”,主要指人及其行为和活动被他人信效。如： Example is better than precept.身教重于言教。 except; besides; except for+名词/except that+句子用法区别。 except 相当于but,表示“除了……以外（不包括在内）”，常与all, nobody,everything,everybody, nowhere等表示整体概念的词连用。besides相当于apart from，表示“除……以外（尚有）”之义。except for.../except that ...表示“除了……”之意，引述一个相反的原因或细节，因而部分地修正了句中的主要意思。如：Your article is well written except for some grammar mistakes.你的文章写得好，只是有几处语法错误。 excuse, pardon,forgive excuse“原谅，宽恕”，语气较轻，指对轻微的冒犯、失礼等的原谅；pardon用于正式场合时意为“赦免”，也有“原谅，对不起”之意，语气最重；forgive指免除某人犯错误或违法承担的后果，或不追究其应受责备的行为。三个词都常与for连用，表示“原谅某人……”。 [应用]汉译英 ①请原谅我迟到了。 ②我永远不会原谅你昨天晚上说过的话。 Key:①Please excuse we for being late. ②The court pardoned the man who had broken the law for a certain reason. ③I’ll never orgive you for what you said to me last night. expect, wait 二者均有“等待”之意，但有不同。expect侧重心理状态，因而可译为“期待，期盼”， 是及物动词；而wait指行动，有“不干别的事专门等”之意，是不及物动词。对比： They are busy with prepartions, expecting the foreign guests.他们忙着准准备，期待着外宾的到来。 Holding little flags, the children are waiting for the foreign guests.孩子们手拿小旗，在等待外宾的到来。 [应用]完成句子 ①她很久没有儿子的消息了，因而期待着他的电话。 She hasn’t heard from her son for a long time, so she _______ telephones from him. ②他正等着要和你说句话。 He ________ ________ to have a word with you. Key:①expects ②is ,waiting expert n.专家，能手 adj.精通的
an expert on computer science 计算机方面的专家 She’s expert at/in looking after babies. 她对于照料婴儿很内行。 explain t. 说明；解释；讲解。 ①He explained why he was late.他说明了迟到的原因。 ②Please explain this exercise to me . 请把这个练习给我讲一讲。 express one’s satisfaction with对……表示满意 be satisfied with对……感到满意 The officials expressed their satisfaction with the preparation for the exhibition. fall短语归纳 fall from a tree从树上掉下来；fall off a table从桌子上落下； fall out of bed 从床上跌下来；fall asleep入睡；fall ill病倒；fall behind落后；fall in love with sb.爱上某人；fall to pieces倒塌，垮台，崩溃，解体；fall into the water跌进水中；fall down 倒下；fall onto the ground掉（倒）在地上；have many falls 跌下许多跤；in the fall在秋季。 [应用]完成句子 ①那个孩子从墙上掉下来伤着了右腿。 The boy____ ____the wall and hurt his right leg. ②他不想在学习上落后于别人。 He didn’t want to _____ ____others in his studies. Key:①fell,off ②fall,behind fall ill 生病，得病 ①Tom is absent,for he has fallen ill. ②John was caught in the storm and he fell ill. fall over意为“跌倒”，“跌跤”。如： When he was skating, he fell over some times. fall to pieces 该短语意为“垮台”，“崩溃”，“倒塌”，“解体”。如： ①Most buildings fell to pieces in the earthquake in this city. ②Most organizations fell to pieces after political reform. far below + n. 该词组意为“远远低于”，“比……低得多”，其中far是副词，用以加强语气。如： The production of this factory was far below the normal level last year. far from:不仅仅，远不是（跟动名词、形容词、名词或代词）。如： ①Far being slow, they are actually fast enough.他们一点也不慢，相反非常迅速。 ②It’s far from perpect.它还很不完美。 另外：由far引出的短语 ①go far(物)经用、时间长 This food can’t go far.这些东西不够吃。 ②so far:到目前为止、到…程度（地步） I can only tell you so far.我只能给你说到这一步。 ③as far as就……而言、从……来看、尽……所能、只要……、一直查到某地 As far as I know, he will not come.据我所知，他不会来啦。 You should stick to your opinion as far as it is reasonable.只要你有理，就应该坚持。 We walked as far as the church. 我们一直走到教堂跟前。 feed vt. 喂养；以……为。常用结构： feed…with/on sth . feed sth . to ①She feeds her baby with /on cow’s milk./she feeds cow’s milk to her baby.她用牛奶喂孩子。 ②I feed my cat with/on fish./I feed fish to my cat .我用鱼喂猫。 另外：feed (vi.)on 相当于live on , 意为“以……为主食”。 Sheep feed mainly on grass.羊以草为主食。 fight against;fight for feed…on…以……饲养（动物） feed on(动物)以……为食 feed…to…喂（动物）……当饲料。 feed a dog on meat 以肉饲养狗 feed meet to a dog Cows feed on hay during winter. feel like…想（做某事）；愿意。 I feel like going to a museum.我想去博物馆。 I feel like a drink. Have you got any beer?我想喝点东西，你俩有啤酒吗？ fight with,fight against意为“为反对……而战、与……作斗争”,against 后面接的是反对的对象，如： They are fighting against their enemy.他们在与敌人作战。 Political leaders fought against slavery.政治领导们为了反对奴隶制度而斗争。 fight for 意为“为争取……而斗争、因为……而打架”。如： Two dogs fight for a bone,and a third runs away with it.两只狗为抢一块骨头而打架，另一只狗把骨头叼走了。 fight with意为“同……（一起并肩）作战、与……作战”，它含有两重意思，试比较： They fought with the Italian in the last war.他们在最后的这次战争中是与意大利人作战。 They fought with the Italian against France in that war.在那次战争中，他们和意大利联合作战反对法国。 figure; shape;form 这组名词都有“形状”的意思。 shape 着重指人或物等的比较具体的整个外形，不太正式；form指有实体结构和看得见的某种特殊形状或是抽象的形式；figure指物时，侧重指轮廊，指人时，着重指姿态。如： Coins may be of different sizes,weights, shapes, and of diff- erent metals. 硬币可能大小、轻重、形状不同，铸造的金属也可能不一样。 The shape of Italy is like a leg.意大利国的形状像一条腿。 Change these sentences into the Present Perfect Passive,putting the verbs into the correct forms.用动词的正确形式将下面的句子变成现在完成时的被动语态 。 Ice,snow and steam are forms of water.冰、雪、蒸气是水的几种形态。 You can see the tall stone figures and visit the temples of the gods.你可以看到那些高大的石雕像，参观那些神殿。 这组名词也可当动词用，shape意为“使什么东西具有某种具体的外 形”，常有“塑造”等具体意义；form指通过协商、组织等形成某种习惯、计划或组织等，一般相当于“形成”;figure通常指象征某事物。 find (1)vt.发现，发觉 She found a wallet lying on the ground. 她发现地上有个钱包。 We found her still asleep. 我们发现她还在睡觉。 He found her left behind. 他发现她被落在后面。 (2)n.发现，发现物（尤指贵重或悦人的） I made a great find in a second-hand bookshop yesterday. 昨天在旧书店里我有重大发现。 对比：find多指偶然发现，碰见；后可接名词、复合结构或从句。find out指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相、真情，通过调查找出原因，或发现秘密、错误等；一般接名词、代词或从句。discover指发现客观事物的存在，发现已存在而不为人知的事情；多用于好的事物。 Have you found the book you have been looking for? 你一直找的书找到了吗？ Have you found out why he was late? 你弄清他为什么迟到吗？ Columbus discovered America. 哥伦布发现了美洲。 find one’s way（to）找到；设法找到去……的路 Can you find your way to the post office? 你能找到去邮局的路吗？ Rivers find their way to the sea. 条条江河通大海。 拓展：make one’s way非常困难地前进 feel one’s way 摸索着前进 force / fight one’s way突破……而前进 push one’s way排开……而前进 fine adj./adv./n./v. (1)adj.美好的，天气晴朗的，（身体）好的，细的 It’s fine today.今天天气很晴朗。 What a fine view it is!多么美丽的风景！ —How are you？ —你好吗？ —Fine, thank you. —很好，谢谢！（不可用于否定句及疑问句） First there was a fine rain but then it rained heavily. 开始是毛毛细雨，接着就下大了 (2)adv.很好 Everything went fine.一切顺利 (3)[c]罚金a traffic violation fine违反交通规则罚款 (4)v.处罚金 If you make such a mistake again, you’ll get fined. 如果你再犯这样的错误，你就会挨罚。 短语：fine and 非常，极（强调后面所接的形容词） one fine day/morning有朝一日 first of all 指按时间，顺序等处于第一位的，如： 例：First of all let me say how glad I’m to be here.首先我要说我来到这儿是多么高兴。 I’m interested in coins ,but first of all I’m a stamp collector.我对硬币感兴趣，但我首先是个集邮的。 比较：first与at first first 译为“首先/，是从动作的先后角度来考虑的。”如： Before we go , I must first change my clothes .走之前我得先换衣服。 at first意为“起初/，含有后来不这样了的意思。”如： At first I didn’t like him ,but now I do .起初我不喜欢他，但现在喜欢了。 for the first time 意为“第一次”。如： It was there that they met for the first time .正是在那儿他们第一次见了面。 fit ①be fit for适合于 This job is fit for you.这份工作适合你干。 ②主语+be + fit + to do sth.如： Nobody is fit to take his place.没有合适的人接替他。 ③（物，衣物之类）+fit+sb.表示衣帽之类适合某人，合身。 The shirt does not fit me well.这件衬衫不太合我的身。 fix vt.安排；修理；准备；安装；固定
We have fixed the time and date of the party. 我们已经确定了聚会的日期和具体时间。 Something has gone wrong with my tape-recorder. I must have it fixed. 我的录音机坏了，我得请人修一下。 Mother decided to fix them something to eat. 母亲决定给他们准备点吃的。 It’s not polite to fix your eyes on others. 盯着别人看是不礼貌的。 It is necessary for a child to form the habit of fixing his attention on/ upon what he is doing. 孩子养成专心做事情的习惯是很有必要的。 fix a date 确定日期 fix a time确定时间 fix a place确定场所 fix vt.决定，确定 fix+n./wh-/to do sth. My uncle is fixing to set up a company. fix up vt.搭起、安装，修理，安排（住宿等），提供， We must fix the house up before we move into it. Flash in a flash 该介宾词组意为“转眼间”，“突然间”，“瞬间。”如： In a flash. I realized where we had met before. fly (1)vt.飞跃 +地点或距离作宾语：驾驶（飞机）；（用飞机）运送；放（风筝） fly the Atlantic / the English Channe/ a distance of 2000 km 飞跃大西洋/英吉利海峡/2000公里的距离 Supplies of food have been flown to the refugees. 补给的粮食空运给那些难民。 The children are flying their kites. 孩子们在放风筝。 (2)vi.飞，飞行，飞跑 Time flies like an arrow. 光阴似箭。 The little girl flew to her grandmother. 这女孩向她奶奶飞跑过去。 (3)n.苍蝇 butter（奶油）+fly（苍蝇）=butterfly（蝴蝶） dragon（龙）+fly（苍蝇）=dragonfly（蜻蜓） fire（火）+fly（苍蝇）= firefly（萤火虫）（=lighting-bug,美语） follow t. (1)跟随；跟着。 We followed the professor into the lab . 我们跟着教授走进了实验室。 (2)听懂；理解。 Would you please say it again? I can’t follow you. 请再说一遍好吗?我没听懂。 4. know about/of : have information concerning 听说（关于……的事情）；知道；了解。 Know vt. : have in mind as the result of experience or because one has learned 认识，知道。 ①I don’t know the writer , but I know about him.我不认识那位作家，但我听说过他。 ②I know him ,but I don’t know about him. 我认识他，但我并不了解他。 for a start/to start with首先，第一点 You have no right to be here, to start with. 首先，你无权在此。 It won’t work：for a start, we don’t have so much money and secondly we cannot get the permission. 那不行，首先我们没那么多钱，其次我们不能被批准。 for example / such as for emample 用来举例说明，例子通常是一个。它可放在所举例子的前面，也可放在后面；such as 用来列举事物，只能放在所列举的事物的前面。另外，只列举有代表性的事物，并不全部列出。如： Some students are often late for school, Li Ling ,for emample .有些学生上学经常迟到，例如李玲。 He can speak several foreign languages, such as English, Janpanese, German and so on.他会说好几种外语，比如英语、日语、德语等。 forbid(forbade, forbidden) ①forbid sb.to do sth.如： My mother forbids me to keep in touch with that boy.我妈不让我与那个男孩交往。 ②forbid(one’s)doing sth.如： The law strictly forbids individual’s running business in some fields.法律严禁私人从事某些经营活动。 ③常用被动形式 Smoking is forbidden here.这儿不许抽烟。 ④表示“使……不可能，使……无法……” The bad weather forbids a spring outing.坏天气使我们无法春游。 否定转移 I/We think, believe,suppose, imagine接宾语从句时，通常否定主句谓语;但变反意问句时，却必须和从句的人称、谓语保持一致，而且要考虑主句中有无 not。如：I don’t think she is right,isn’t?/I believe that they will win the match, won’t they? [应用]汉译英 ①我猜今天夜里不会有雨。 ②我们认为美国不会赞同我们的和平计划。 Key: ①I don’t suppose there will be rain this night. ②We don’t think America will agree to our peace plan. form in the form of 以……的形式呈现，prep.take the form of 以……形式呈现，vt. The cookies are all in the form of stars. DThe cookies all take the form of stars. free adj. (1)空闲的；有空的。 Are you free tomorrow?明天你有空吗？ （2）免费的；无偿的。 ①Do you enjoy free medical care ?你享受免费医疗吗？ ②—Why are you so happy?你怎么那么高兴？ —Because I got two free ticket. 我免费弄到两张票。 (3)自由的。 ①The birds in the cage wish to be free.笼中之鸟盼望自由。 ②You are free to say anything you want to at the meeting .会上你可以畅所欲言。 freeze,freezing,frozen freeze是动词“结冰，凝固”；freezing可用作名词“冰点”，用作形容词“冰冷的”，用作副词“极冷地”；frozen既是freeze的过去分词形式，也可用作形容词，表示“冷冻的”。对比： Water freezes below freezing. 冰点以下时水结冰。 It was freezing cold that morning.那天早晨非常地冷。 The roads are frozen in places.路上多处结冰。 [应用]英译汉 ①above/over freezing ②freezing weather ③be frozen to death ④give sb. a freezing cold ⑤freezing machine ⑥frozen meat ⑦I’m frozen,so I can’t write ⑧I’m freezing,so I’ve to put on a heavy coat. Key: ①零度以上 ②很冷的天气 ③被冻死 ④冷冷地看某人一眼 ⑤制冷机 ⑥冻肉 ⑦我冻坏了，不能写东西了。⑧我觉得冷极了，我得穿件厚大衣 frighten 用作动词，frighten表示“吓唬、使惊恐” 。如： frighten the birds away 把鸟吓跑；be frightened by 被……吓坏；be frightened of sb./sth.害怕某人/物；be firghtened at因……而受到惊吓；be frightened off away被吓跑了；be frightened to dath被吓死；frighten sb.into(doing) sth.吓得某人做某事。 辨析：frightened, frightening:前者表示“感到恐惧、害怕”，后者表示“令人惧怕”。对比： frightened children吓坏了孩子； frightening voice令人恐惧的声音； her frightened look 她那恐惧的样子（自己内心害怕所显露出的表情）。 her frightening look她那可怕的样子（其样子使别人害怕） [应用]完成句子 ①那可怕的声音使我非常恐惧. The _______ voice made me very ________. ②他吓得那个老太太签署了那份文件。 He _______ the old lady _______ ________ the paper. ③她看到蛇吓坏了。 She________ ____________ the sight of a snake. ④你怕老虎吗？ Are you __________ ________ tigers? Key:①frightening , frightened ②frightened, into, signing ③was, frightened, at ④frightened, of “复合名词”变复数的几种形式 |
|
|
