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2015年5月CATTI二级笔译真题及参考答案
英译汉第一篇
Early Maori adapted the tropically based east Polynesian culture in line with the challenges associated with a larger and more diverse environment, eventually developing their own distinctive culture. The British and Irish immigrants brought aspects of their own culture to New Zealand and also influenced Maori culture. More recently American, Australian, Asian and other European cultures have exerted influence on New Zealand. New Zealand music has been influenced by blues, jazz, country, rock and roll and hip hop, with many of these genres given a unique New Zealand interpretation. Maori developed traditional chants and songs from their ancient South-East Asian origins, and after centuries of isolation created a unique "monotonous" and "doleful" sound. The number of New Zealand films significantly increased during the 1970s. In 1978 the New Zealand Film Commission started assisting local film-makers and many films attained a world audience, some receiving international acknowledgement. New Zealand television primarily broadcasts American and British programming, along with a large number of Australian and local shows. The country's diverse scenery and compact size, plus government incentives, have encouraged some producers to film big budget movies in New Zealand. The Ministry for Culture and Heritage is government’s leading adviser on cultural matters. The Ministry funds, monitors and supports a range of cultural agencies and delivers a range of high-quality cultural products and services. The Ministry provides advice to government on where to focus its interventions in the cultural sector. It seeks to ensure that funding is invested as effectively and efficiently as possible, and that government priorities are met. The Ministry has a strong track record of delivering high-quality publications, managing significant heritage and commemorations, and acting as guardian of New Zealand’s culture. The Ministry’s work prioritizes cultural outcomes and also supports educational, economic and social outcomes, linking with the work of a range of other government agencies. 英译汉第二篇 Along a rugged, wide North Sea beach here on a recent day, children formed teams of eight to 10, taking their places beside mounds of sand carefully cordoned by tape. They had one hour for their sand castle competition. Some built fishlike structures, complete with scales. Others spent their time on elaborate ditch and dike labyrinths. Each castle was adorned on top with a white flag. Then they watched the sea invade and devour their work, seeing whose castle could withstand the tide longest. The last standing flag won. Theirs was no ordinary day at the beach, but a newly minted, state-sanctioned competition for schoolchildren to raise awareness of the dangers of rising sea levels in a country of precarious geography that has provided lessons for the world about water management, but that fears that its next generation will grow complacent. Fifty-five percent of the Netherlands is either below sea level or heavily flood-prone. Yet thanks to its renowned expertise and large water management budget (about 1.25 percent of gross domestic product), the Netherlands has averted catastrophe since a flooding disaster in 1953. Experts here say that they now worry that the famed Dutch water management system actually works too well and that citizens will begin to take for granted the nation’s success in staying dry. As global climate change threatens to raise sea levels by as much as four feet by the end of the century, the authorities here are working to make real to children the forecasts that may seem far-off, but that will shape their lives in adulthood and old age. “Everything works so smoothly that people don’t realize anymore that they are taking a risk in developing urban areas in low-lying areas,” said Hafkenscheid, the lead organizer of the competition and a water expert with the Foreign Ministry. Before the competition, the children, ages 6 to 11, were coached by experts in dike building and water management. Volunteers stood by, many of them freshly graduated civil engineers, giving last-minute advice on how best to battle the rising water. A recently released report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development on water management in the Netherlands pointed to an “awareness gap” among Dutch citizens. The finding did much to get the sand castle contest off the ground. 汉译英第一篇
改革开放30多年来，西藏通过深化改革和扩大开放积极推动全区商业、对外贸易和旅游产业加快发展，不仅增强了与内陆的交流，同时也加强了与世界的联系和合作。 1993年，西藏与全国一道开始建立“框架一致、体制衔接”的社会主义市场经济体制，深化物资、粮食、日用消费品等 领域价格流通改革并全面进入市场。目前，西藏已经深深融入全国统一的市场体系，来自全国和世界各地的商品源源不断地进入西藏，丰富着城乡市场和百姓生活。 西藏的名、优、特产品及民族手工业产品，大量进入全国市场。 西藏与世界的经济联系日益密切。2012年，全区进出口总额为 34.24亿美元，是1953年0.04亿美元的850多倍，年均增长12.1%。截至2012年底，西藏实际利用外资4.7亿美元。西藏立足区位优势， 加强与印度、尼泊尔等周边国家的友好合作，实施面向南亚的陆路贸易大通道建设，大力发展边境贸易。
汉译英第二篇
近年来频发的自然灾害让全球深受其害。炎热的酷暑、狂暴的飓风、刺骨的严寒以及滔天的洪水近乎成了“常客”，风调雨顺已被视为“奢侈品”。 世界各地的气象学家对此众说纷纭。有的说是全球变暖所致，有的说是大气环流异常，还有的认为厄尔尼诺是罪魁祸首。 尽管如此，大多数学者都认同这样一个观点：全球气候变化速度正在加剧，极端灾害天气今后无疑将更加频繁，并且其强度和范围都将走强。面对日益脆弱的全球气候，人类需要更认真地思考，如何切实有效地规范自身活动，珍爱我们共同的家园。 未来极端危害天气将对相关的行业，如水利、农业、林业、能源、健康和旅游业等有更大影响。同时，上述因素也为全球经济复苏带来更多变数。 2015年5月CATTI二级笔译真题参考答案 英译汉第一篇
@大师兄翻硕讲评： 原文链接：http:///culture.php 本文节选自一篇介绍新西兰的文章，节选了其中的文化、艺术、音乐的部分。总体上难度上并不大，生词较少，语法主要考察了现在分词作状语。难点主要体现以下几处：第一段中第一句话，大部分考生都会将adapt翻译错误；第二段中两个单词，即more recently和American两个单词，大部分考生会翻译错误；最后一段的最后一句话难度比较大，相当部分考生都没能理解这个现在分词作状语的语法点。 第一段中adapt表示“改良，改进”，而adapt oneself to/adapt to sht才表示“使适应，适应”，超过一半的考生都会翻译错误，“in line with”表示“符合，按照，与…一致”，同义词有“in accordance with/in keeping with/in conformity with”等，这里在文中翻译成“应对”比较合适。最后一句“eventually developing their own distinctive culture”则是考察现在分词做状语的语法点。现在分词作状语修饰主句，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。本文中有三处现在分词作状语的句子。 第二段中“more recently”考察了英语比较级的语法点，翻译成“在更近点的时期”，大部分考生翻译成“近来”，显然是错误的。第三段最后一句话，很多人都没有理解。这里的现在分词作状语，表示伴随，可以将从句翻译先翻译出来，在翻译主句。
@大师兄翻硕参考译文：
早期的毛利人为应对一个更大更多元的环境所带来的挑战而改良了根植于热带地区的东波利尼西亚文化，并最终形成了他们自己独特的文化。 来自英国和爱尔兰的移民讲他们各自的文化带到了新西兰，并且他们也影响了毛利文化。在更近点的时期，美国文化、澳大利亚文化、亚洲文化和其他欧洲国家文化也对新西兰产生了重要影响。 新西兰的音乐受到了蓝调音乐、爵士乐、乡村音乐、摇滚乐和嘻哈音乐的影响，而这些音乐类型中有许多被赋予了新西兰人的独特解读。毛利人从他们古代的东南亚起源中发展出了他们传统的吟唱和歌谣，在几个世纪的与世隔绝之后，他们造就出了一种独特的“单调”而又“悲伤”的曲调。 新西兰影片的数量在上世纪70年代飙升。在1978年，新西兰电影委员会开始扶持本土电影工作者，并且许多新西兰电影在全球范围都赢得了观众，一些电影甚至得到了国际认可。 新西兰电视主要播放美国和英国的节目，以及许多澳大利亚和本土的电视节目。该国多样的风景、小而美的国土加之政府的鼓励措施已促使许多电影制作者到新西兰拍摄大投资电影。 文化遗产部是政府文化事务的首要顾问。该部负责资助、监督、扶持各种文化机构，提供各种优质的文化产品和文化服务。 文化遗产部就政府在文化领域的干预措施重点放在何处为政府建言献策。该部力图保证资金投入尽可能地行之有效，用之高效，以及政府的优先要务得到落实。 该部在以下方面有着优良业绩记录：提供高质量的出版物，管理重要的遗产和庆典活动，守卫新西兰文化。该部与其他诸多政府机构通力协作，将工作优先放在能产生文化效益的事务，同时也支持产生教育、经济和社会效益的事务上。 （转载或引用请注明译者） 汉译英第一篇
@大师兄翻硕点评：
本文节选自2013年《西藏的发展与进步》白皮书中介绍西藏经济的部分。难度不大，都是常见的政府文件类的措词。“框架一致、体制衔接”、“特产”、“手工业”等的翻译稍有难度。
@大师兄翻硕参考译文：
Over the past 30 years or more, through reform and opening up, Tibet has been proactively promoting commerce, foreign trade and tourism. It has increased exchanges with other parts of China as well as communication and cooperation with foreign countries. In 1993 Tibet began to develop the socialist market economy with the rest of the country, growing into a new system within the same frame work. Reforms have been carried out in the pricing and circulation of goods and materials, grains,and consumer goods, all of which have entered the market system. Currently Tibet is incorporated into the national market system. Commodities from allover the nation and across the world keep flowing into Tibet, enriching the urban and rural markets as well as the lives of the people. At the same time,well-known and high-quality products with local characteristics and folk handcrafts are transported to other parts of the country in large quantities. Economically, Tibet i snow more and more closely linked to the world. In 2012 the total volume of its foreign trade reached 3.424 billion U.S. dollars, more than 850 times that of1953, which stood at 4 million U.S. dollars, with an annual growth rate of 12.1percent. By the end of 2012 actualized foreign investment in Tibet was 470million U.S. dollars. Taking advantage of its geographical position, Tibet is building a “commodity passageway” to South Asia via the land route to promote border trade. （转载或引用请注明译者） 汉译英第二篇
@大师兄翻硕点评：
原文链接：http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2012/07/31/c_123501985.htm 本文节选自《北京晚报》一篇题为《酷热风暴干旱洪水多国频发风调雨顺已成天气奢侈品》的文章。比较有难度。第一段中“炎热的酷暑、狂暴的飓风、刺骨的严寒、滔天的洪水”理解和翻译错误的几率很大，很多考生的翻译比较中式。其次，对于“常客”和“奢侈品”的翻译比较有难度。很多人按照字面翻译成“regular visitors”是典型的中式英语。最后一段中的“水利”一次的翻译需要考生做出一些意译。总之，汉译英=语法+词汇=句型+用词。首先要确保语法正确；其次考虑语法的地道性，符合英语读者思维；再次考虑用词的准确性，译入语的接受性。 第一段第一句“近年来频发的自然灾害让全球深受其害”，英语句子的特点：主从句分明，主语突出。根据这一点，可以先把句子调整为：近年来自然灾害频发，让全球深受其害。深受其害可翻译为“wreak havoc on sth/afflict/take a toll on/inflict damage on”；炎热酷暑翻译为“extreme summer heat waves；狂暴的飓风：violent/raging hurricanes；刺骨的严寒：bone-chilling cold waves；滔天的洪水：devastating floods；风调雨顺：normal weather。对于“常客”的处理：“常客”两种翻译：一是翻译成名词；二是翻译成形容词或动词。 第二段第一句“世界各地的气象学家对此众说纷纭”的“众说纷纭”可译为“mixed views on the cause of the phenomenon”，原因翻译为“cause”不是“reason”； “大气环流异常”可翻译为abnormal atmospheric circulation。最后一段中的“水利”一词，很多人会翻译成中式的“water conservancy”,这个词在英语文章中很少见到。考生可以把他理解为“水资源管理”，然后译为“water resources management”。
@大师兄翻硕参考译文一： Recent years have seen a higher frequency of natural disasters that have wrought havoc across the world. Extreme summer heat waves, violent hurricanes, bitter cold waves and devastating floods have almost become the norm, while normal weather has become a rarity. Meteorologists around the world have mixed views on the phenomenon. Some attribute it to global warming, some say abnormal atmospheric circulation are responsible for it, while others blame El Nino as the culprit. Despite their different views, most climate experts do share this point of view that the rate of global climate change is speeding up.,and that extreme weather occurrences are expected to increase in the future and become even greater both in their intensity and scope. In light of the worsening climatic conditions, we need to reflect on how to carry out our activities in an environment-friendly manner and cherish the Earth, our common homeland. Extreme weather will have an even larger impact on such industries as water resource management, agriculture, forestry, energy, healthcare and tourism in the future. Meanwhile, these factors will lead to more uncertainties in global economic recovery. |
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