英语写作技巧英语写作和汉语写作一样,要写出好文章,首先内容要切题,结构要合理。好文章离不开好句子,而句子的好坏与选词、造句等有着密切的关系。本文就词汇,句子结构和文章整体与内容统一谈谈写作。 一、措辞 1、选择生动准确的词 词是语言的基本单位,人们要表达思想,就要选择适当的词语,这是写作的基本要求。 词可分为一般概念的词(general words)和具体概念的词(specific words)。表示一般概念的词含义模糊;表示具体概念的词含义明确,表达准确,生动形象。写作时合理地使用具体概念的词能够使句子表达的意思准确,内容生动,更富有感染力。试比较下面各组句子: (l) A few houses were destroyed yesterday (general) Five houses burnt down yesterday (specific) (2)His relatives gave him two gifts(general) His aunt and uncle gave hima watch and a Pen as the birthday gifts。(specific) (3) Jack went to the window and looked at the crowd outside(general) Jack tiptoed to the window and peeped into the room(specific) 上面各组句中,第一个句子抽象概括,给人以空泛的感觉:第二个句子用词具体,有个件,使人感到意思确切,生动逼真。 2、使用英语成语和习语 人们在长期使用语言的过程中,积累了大量的习惯表达法。这些成语、习语内涵丰富,语言生动活泼。文章中适当地使用这类短语,可避免语言的单调贫乏,使句子生动而富于内涵。如: (l)George has lost his social position since his business failed. 可改为:George has come down in the world since his business failed (2).Maybe you have time to go to the cinema,but I have more importavt businessto attend to. 可改为:Maybe you have time to go to the cinema,but I have other fish to fry. 3、用词的宽度 用词的宽度可以反映出写作者所掌握的词汇量。如果一个人掌握的词汇量大,那么当表达同一概念有不同的表达方法时,则可以换一种说法。如: The teachers maintained that the students should give up love for the sake ofleaming Students,however,hold that fordidding love among college students is nogood. 这两句话里,谓语分别用了maintain和hold。如果将它们换为think,所表达的意思相同,但用词宽度则不如原文。这两句话中for the sake of,give uP,is no good等都是用词宽度的表现。 所以在英语写作中有意识地适当增加用词宽度既能体现学以致用的原则又能使文章取得良好效果。 |
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