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之前跟大家说了大作文，今天分享一下小作文！ 考研英语小作文写作技巧与得分关键，从2005年开始，研究生入学考试英语试题增加了A节应用文写作部分。其要求考生根据所给情景写出100字左右的应用性短文，总分10分，文体包括私人或公务信函、备忘录、便条、报告、摘要等。 一、评分标准 应用文写作要求考生能够根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域，合理组织文章，使内容连贯、统一，并做到语法正确，用词恰当。评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和语言的准确性，其具体评分标准为： 第五档（9～10）分：很好地完成了试题规定的任务。包含所有内容要点；使用丰富的语法结构和词汇［这里不是要求你像大作文那样写一些长难句，没有必要，一个长难句下来字数就超了，但是一定要用上一些经典的语法和词语］；语言自然流畅，语法错误极少；有效地使用多种衔接手法；格式与语域恰当贴切。 第四档（7～8）分：较好地完成了试题规定的任务。包含所有内容要点，允许漏掉一两个要点；使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇［这里不是要求你像大作文那样写一些长难句，没有必要，一个长难句下来字数就超了，但是一定要用上一些经典的语法和词语］；语言基本准确，允许有个别错误；采用了恰当的衔接手法，层次清晰；格式与语域较恰当。 第三档（5～6）分：虽漏掉一些内容，但包含多数内容要点；应用的语言和词汇结构能满足任务的要求；有一些语法及词汇错误，但不影响理解；采用了简单的衔接手法，内容连惯；格式与语域基本合理。 第二档（3～4）分：未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。 第一档（1～2）分：未完成试题规定的任务。 根据上述的具体评分标准，可以看出小作文仍然采用总体评分法，先根据文章内容和语言确定所属档次，然后再具体给分。阅卷专家对各个档次做出了非常形象生动的总结：五档'漂漂亮亮'，四档'整整齐齐'，三档'马马虎虎'，二档'乱七八糟'，一档'一塌糊涂'。 除内容和语言外，字数与书写也会影响得分。字数不够的，一般酌情扣分，而多出的字数一般不加分。此外，如果作文中直接使用提示语中的原句，则字数不算在内，因此只能使用提示语中的某些关键词。如果书写太差，影响阅卷老师的理解，也会扣分。 二、考研真题及分析 考研小作文为应用文。从形式上，都要遵从一定的格式；从内容上，要点已经明确给出，我建议只需根据提纲要求展开写，不用有太多的发挥；从语言上，语句要简洁，开门见山。 2005年小作文真题： Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Design & Fashion. But now you find that the job is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don't sign your own name at the end of the letter; use 'Li Ming' instead. You don't need to write the address. 从内容上来看，2005年真题为一封道歉信。信函的书写一般包括如下几个部分： 1．称呼：Dear (Sir or Madam/ Mr. Wang/ Jane) 2．主体 首段开门见山，点明主题：I am writing this letter to inform/tell you that I will be resigning from my present position in your department. 中间段把第一段内容具体化：It has been a great pleasure to work with you in the past two months.（先表示礼貌）But my current position as an editor doesn't quite suit to my personal interests and career plan. As I majored in finance in college, I really want to work in the business field. 结尾段重申主题，表示感谢：I sincerely hope that you could accept my resignation and apology and thank you very much for all your help in the past months. 3．落款：Li Ming （切记根据要求落款为Li Ming，不要写自己的名字） 2006年小作文真题： Directions: You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry your own plan. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don't sign your own name at the end of the letter; use 'Li Ming' instead. You don't need to write the address. 从2006年小作文来看，内容仍为信函，指示语的第二部分与2005年完全相同。因此在写作时只需遵循书信写作的基本格式，在主体部分涵盖要点即可。2006年的求助信要点如下： 1．求助理由（开门见山）：I am writing this letter to ask if you could help me find a child in your area as a beneficiary of Project Hope. 2．具体要求：I hope to offer help to a school-aged girl from a poor family, for I know that girls are often deprived of their rights of schooling due to poverty. 3．如何进行帮助：I will send 1,000 to the girl by mail every term once I can get specific information about her. 2007年小作文真题： Directions: Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don't sign your own name at the end of the letter; use 'Li Ming' instead. You don't need to write the address. 2007年小作文仍旧是信函写作，从内容上看是一封建议信，写作思路与05、06年相同。 2008年小作文真题： Directions: You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to 1) make an apology, and 2) suggest a solution. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don't sign your own name at the end of the letter; use 'Li Ming' instead. You don't need to write the address. 2008小作文与2005年一样，写一封道歉信。因此写作格式与思路相同，只需把主体部分内容进行改变。2008年的道歉信主体部分主要涵盖两大要点： 1．道歉：I am awfully sorry that I forgot to return your music CD to you. 2．解释（为什么没有归还CD，理由有道理即可）：When I was packing, I confused your CD with mine and put it in my luggage. Then it was not until I arrived home and unpacked my belongings that I discovered your CD right in my suitcase. 3．提出解决方法：I will post you the CD tomorrow and again I sincerely hope that you could accept my apologies. 三、小作文写作技巧 笔者作为阅卷教师，从1999年开始参加研究生入学考试英语试卷批卷工作，历时数载，并结合其他英语考试，如PETS小作文，四、六级写作等，对英语作文的写作技巧与注意事项总结如下： 1．小作文要覆盖所有信息点。一般阅卷教师在批改小作文时，都会找点，如果提纲中的几点有遗漏，一定会扣分。以2006年小作文为例，提纲中要 求信中涵盖3点：写信理由（求助理由）、对孩子（帮助对象）的具体要求、如何帮助，这三点在作文中都要提到。因此，小作文写作前一定要认真审题，把要点划 出，以免遗漏。 2．小作文要注意格式。应用文写作都有一定格式。 如果是信件，应该有称呼（Dear…）、主体段、结尾（Sincerely…）。根据试题要求，一般不用写日期与地址。称呼一般放在左上角，而 结尾放在右下角。信函称呼一般以Dear开头，如果收信人的具体姓名和性别不详，后面可以加Sir or Madam，例如2006、2007年书信开头称呼都可以为：Dear Sir or Madam；如果收信人身份较高或年龄较长，则可以在Dear后面加上Mr./Ms./Director和姓即可，如2005年书信称呼可以为：Dear Mr. Wang；如果作者与收信人为朋友关系或比较熟悉，称呼可以直接为Dear加上名字，例如Dear Bob。 备忘录（memo）属于公文的一种，包括heading和正文两大部分。其中heading的格式一般包括四个部分，其顺序可以随意调整： To: （写给谁） From: （谁写的） Date: （日期） Subject: （主要内容） 备忘录的语言特点同信函相似，要求简明扼要，结构清晰。可参考下面范例： TO: Ed, Jen, Jimmy DATE: Dec. 7, 2003 RE/SUBJECT: date change for meeting FROM: Ray Lewis I have to leave town for a deal with the Arnold Industries. The guys there want to renegotiate our contract. I have to go there and knock some sense into their blockheads. So the cabinet meeting has to be postponed to a later date. Is the 15th OK? Thanks for your understanding! 便条是一种简单的书信方式，格式与书信其本相同，也要有称呼和结尾。其语言要求尽量简单，通俗。可参考下面范例： June 16 Dear Jane, I am sorry to hear about your poor luck in the final exam. You really don't have to feel too sad about it. You know, this is just the kind of thing that often happens to us students. It doesn't mean we are failures. Trust yourself. I am sure you will succeed next time. Look forward to hearing your good news. Good Luck! Yours, Nancy 注意在阅卷中，格式如果不正确，一般会扣掉一分。 3．小作文语言要简洁，开门见山。不同于其他文体，应用文一般是为某一特定目的而写，有具体的目标读者，写作时把内容表达清楚即可，不用太多展开或修饰。此外，要注意语言的恰当性，尊重语言的交际规则，尤其是礼貌（courtesy）原则。 4．开头句一定要漂亮、正确。无论是应用文还是论说文，开头第一句都要写好，给阅卷老师以很好的印象。阅卷老师通常的阅卷方法是：读开头句，对 考生语言水平有大概了解；然后找要点，最后读末尾句。可见，开头句的好坏直接影响到考生的成绩。应用文写作其实开头和结尾都有一定的套路，如开头经常可以 用的句型为：I am writing this letter to ask you /tell you that….；结尾句型常为：I sincerely hope that you could….或If you have any further questions, please feel free to contact me. 或I am sorry for the inconveniences that I have brought to you. 5．书写要工整。漂亮、工整的字体通常会给阅卷老师很好的印象，有助于提高分数。如果书写潦草、杂乱，让阅卷老师有时很难辨认，分数一定会降低。因此考生一定要注意，作文书写要工整，尽量避免多处涂改。 综上所述，我对对小作文写作过程可以总结为：审题认真，文体统一，文字连贯，表达方式多样化，考点覆盖全，语言流畅，首尾呼应，检查到位。 附：应用文写作常用句型 1．投诉信常用句型 I am writing to you to complain about… I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with …I am writing to call your attention to the awful fact that … I am totally disappointed to find that …I can hardly bear/tolerate it any longer. There are some serious problems that deserve your close attention. For one thing, … For another… Even worse… I request you to be kind enough to solve the problem as soon as possible. 2．感谢信常用句型 I am extremely grateful to you for your kind help. I am much obliged to you for your kind assistance. I really appreciate your timely assistance. I am writing to express my gratitude for the many kind deeds you have done for me. It is very considerate and generous of you to make such a good arrangement. Words fail me when I try to express the degree of my gratitude to you. 3．道歉信常用句型 I must apologize to you for my terrible mistake. I am awfully sorry that…I am sorry for the inconveniences that I have brought to you. I am to blame for this unpleasant situation. I sincerely hope that you will accept my apologies. I sincerely ask for your forgiveness. I hope that the settlement of the matter will meet your demand. 4．邀请函常用句型I am writing to invite you to attend a party on…I feel it would be a great honor if you could participate in …I should be very pleased if you could come to our party on…We look forward to seeing you as our honorable guest. 5．咨询信常用句型 I am writing to inquire about the details on…I would like to obtain some information about … I would be very grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me some essential information about…Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated. I would be much obliged to you if you could let me know the procedures I have to go through. |
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来自： 昵称27752332 > 《待分类》
