小学1

不规则动词的过去式

do-did go-went fiy-flew

see-saw swim-swam

buy-bought are-were

is/am-was take--took

eat-ate sing-sang

leave-left get-got tell-told

sweep-swept run-ran

say-said come-came

have-had drink-drank

wear-wore write-wrote

sit-sat give-gave feel-felt

find-found bring-brought

catch-caught make-made

read-read hurt-hurt let-let

put-put set-set meet-met

draw-drew

反义词，对应词

black--white girl--boy

befor-- after new—old

Mrs--Mr over--under

big--small in--out

ask—answer old--yound

up--down open--close

good--bad yes--no

here--there right--wrong

come--go this--that

fat--thin light--heavy

teacher--student

short--long/tall clean--dirty

strong-thin same--different

on-under today--yestoday

early--late hot--cold

north--sorth warm--cool

sister--brother cry--laugh

busy--free far--near

full--hungry light—dark

sad—excited teach—study

put on—take off get off---get on

go to bed---get up

go there---come here

同音词

high-hi there-their

two-to/too four-for

here-hea meet-meat

whose-who’s where-wear

right-write our-hour I-eye

why-Yy Uu-you know-no

are-Rr see-sea-Cc one-won

sun-son buy-by Oo-oh aren’t-aunt

近义词

photo-picture hello-hi

desk-table nice-good

always-often kid-child

arrive-get to must-have to

sure-certainly many-a lot of

would like-want pretty-beautiful

eigher-too gift-present

完全-缩写形式

arenot=aren’t is not=isn’t

do not=don’t did not=didn’t

does not=doesn’t can not=can’t

was not=wasn’t I will=I’ll I am=I’m

I would=I’d Let us=Let‘s

they are=they’re what is=what’s

she is=she’s it is=it’s he is=he’s

I will=I’ll we will=we’ll

were not=weren’t

mister=Mr centimeter=cm厘米

复数变化

一、一般情况在词未直接加“s”.

如：

book—books

girl-girls

二、如果单词以s,x,ch,sh结尾，则在词尾加“es”.

如：

box-boxes

dress-dresses

watch-watches

三、以字母o结尾的单词，该词是有生命体加“es”，该词是无生命体加“s”。

如：

tomato—tomatoes(西红柿)

potato—potatoes（土豆）

photo—photos(照片)

radio—radios(收音机)

四、以y结尾的单词，y前是元音的加s,y前是辅音的把y变成i再加es.

如：

boy—boys day—days

baby—babies family—families

country--countries

五、以f,fe结尾的单词去掉f,fe再加ves.

如：knife-knives leaf-leaves wife—wives shelf—shelves.

不规则变化名词

foot—feet goose—geese

tooth—teeth deer—deer

mouse—mice fish—fish

man—men Chinese—Chinese

woman—women sheep—sheep

child—children this—these

that—those you—you

Japanese—Japanese

policeman—policemen

is/am—are it/he/she--they

名词变形容词

China→Chinese Japan→Japanese

America→American sun→sunny

snow→snowy wind→windy

fun→funny rain→rainy

noise→noisy help→helpful

friend→friendly excite→excited

use→useful love→lovely

colour→colourful

动词变名词

climb→climber write→writer

sing→singer drive→driver

work→worker teach→teacher

clean→cleaner farm→farmer

play→player run→runner

动词的现在分词

1．一般情况加ing.

如：read→reading do→doing

2.以e结尾的单词去掉e再加ing.

如：

make→making drive→driving

write→writing

3.以重读闭音节结尾的单词双写末尾辅音字母再加ing.

如：

swim→swimming

run→running

形容词的比较级和最高级的构成

1．一般在词尾加er或est.

如：

tall→taller long→longer

2.以e结尾的单词加er或est.

如：

fine→finer late→later

3.以辅音字母加y结尾的单词把y变成i再加er或est.

如：

heavy→heavier easy→easier

4.以重读闭音节结尾的单词双写末尾辅音字母再加er或est.

如：

big→bigger thin→thinner

fat→fatter

5.不规则变化。

good→better→best

bad→worse→worst

many→more→most

little→less→least

far→farther→farthest

多音节词在词前加more.或most.

动词的过去式

1.一般情况加ed.

如：visit→visted learn→learned

2．以e结尾的单词直接加d.

如：make→maked write→writed

3.以辅音加y结尾的单词把y变成i再加ed。

如：study→studied

以元音加y结尾的单词直接加ed.

如：play→played

3．以重读闭音节结尾的单词双写末尾辅音字母再加ed.

如：stop→stopped

序数词的缩写形式

first→1st second→2nd

third→3rd fourth→4th

fifth→5th eighth→8th

ninth→9th twelfth→12th

twentieth→20th twenty-first→21st