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一、时 态 小 结
|
时态 |
定义 |
特征 |
动词的变化规则 |
|
一
般
现
在
时 |
表示经常性或习惯性的动作. |
every day/morning/…
usually |
第三人称单数的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-s
2. 以ch,sh,s,x或o结尾的词加-es
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-es |
|
现
在
进
行
时 |
表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作. |
now/ look/ listen |
现在分词的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ing
2. 以e结尾的词,去掉e再加-ing
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ing |
|
一
般
过
去
时 |
表示过去某时发生的动作或情况. |
yesterday morning/afternoon/evening
last year/month
a minute ago/an hour ago
this morning/afternoon/evening |
动词过去式的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ed
2. 以e结尾的词加-d
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-ed
4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ed |
|
一
般
将
来
时 |
表示将要发生的事情 |
tomorrow
the day after tomorrow/
the next day/Monday…
at the weekend/tonight
tomorrow night/morning/afternoon |
主要构成
be going to/will + 动词原形
be +形容词 |
凡是在must, mustn’t, can, can’t, let’s, don’t, may，will后的一定要用动词的原形
二、名词的复数。
名词按其数,可分两种:可数名词和不可数名词.
可数名词的复数变化规则:
1. 一般情况下,直接在词尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens
2. 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y 为i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries
4. 以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,
5. 以o 结尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,
6. man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,
三、形容词的比较级、最高级。
形容词有比较级与最高级之分, 单音节词的变化规则:
1. 一般情况下,直接在词尾加-er或-est, 如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest
2. 以e结尾的,加-er或-est, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的, 变y 为i 再加-er或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.
4. 以重读闭音节,一个辅音字母结尾的,双写该字母,再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.
5. 多音节的词,前加more, most, 如: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful.
6. good-better-best
四、be 动词,助动词。
现阶段be动词形式有: am, is, are, were, was, isn’t, aren’t, weren’t, wasn’t
助动词形式有: do, does, did, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t
※ 1. 在英语句子中进行变化的时候, 有be动词的就在be动词上变化,变 “过去”, “否定”;
否定 过去 否定
am-------am not(第一人称 “I” ) am, is ------ was --------- wasn’t
is ------- isn’t (第三人称) are ------were --------- weren’t
are------aren’t (you和其它人称)
2. 没有be动词的就要加助动词;
否定 过去 过去否定
do -----don’t ------did---------didn’t
does(第三人称单数)-----doesn’t ------did---------didn’t
五．人称代词
|
主语 |
物主代词 |
宾格 |
|
形容词性 |
名词性 |
|
I |
my |
mine |
me |
|
she |
her |
hers |
her |
|
he |
his |
his |
him |
|
it |
its |
its |
it |
|
you |
your |
yours |
you |
|
we |
our |
ours |
us |
|
they |
their |
theirs |
them |
六．特殊疑问词
What is this?
What is this in English?
What is the matter?
What is the weather like?
What is the country like?
What is she/he/
What do you like?
What What does he do?
What do you have for…?
What colour…?
What class…?
What grade…?
What time…?
What day…?
What do/does/did+…?
How are you?
How old…?
How How many…?
How much…?
How long…?
How do/does/did+…?
Which +n.+ （be动词/助动词）+…?
Whose+ n.+ （be动词/助动词）+…?
Where+ v. （be动词/助动词）+sb. +…?
When +v. （be动词/助动词）+ sb.+…?
Who +v. （be动词/助动词/行为动词）+sb.+…?
Why +v. （be动词/助动词）+ sb. +…?
※有can, will, must这几个词的句子，所有的句型转换都在此词变化。
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