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时间状语

 昵称30200765 2016-01-15

一、when“当……时”,引导时间状语从句时,从句用于表示主句动作发生的特定时间。如:

The days get longer when spring comes. = When spring comes, the days get longer.

春天到来时,白天变得更长了。

 

二、before“在……之前”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。如:

Close the door before you leave the room.

离开房间前关上门。

 

三、after“在……之后”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。如:

I went to school after I finished my breakfast.

吃完早饭后我就去上学了。

 

四、as soon as“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句动作紧接着从句动作发生。如:

I’ll call you as soon as I get home.

我一到家就给你打电话。

 

五、until, till“直到”,引导时间状语从句。当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时,主句要用否定形式,即“notuntil/till…”意为“直到……才……”。如:

I’ll wait here until/till the rain stops.

我将在这里等着,直到雨停。

You can’t go home until/till you finish your work.

直到你完成你的工作,你才能回家。

下面再向大家透露点儿内幕消息,状语从句的两手绝活——时态的呼应和从句的位置。请看:

一、时态呼应

一般来讲,复合句都要遵循主、从句时态呼应规律,状语从句也不例外。即主句用现在时,从句也用现在时;主句用过去时,从句也用过去的某种时态。如:

Be careful when you cross the road.

过马路时要小心。

You must see the doctor if you are ill.

如果你生病了,你必须去看医生。

主句是一般过去时,从句也要用一般过去时。如:

When he was seven years old, he could swim.

当他七岁时就会游泳。

She turned off the light before she left the office.

她离开办公室前就关了灯。

 

二、主从句的位置。

大多数情况下,从句可以位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。不过从句在前时,主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。如:

Please tell me when he comes back. = When he comes back, please tell me.

 

说到when引导的从句" data-id="link-to-so">时间状语从句,不得不提起aswhile

一、when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用;而whileas只能和延续性动词连用。

Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?

SorryI was out when you called me.(call为短暂性动词)对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了。

Strike while the iron is hot.(is为延续性动词,表示一种持续的状态)趁热打铁。

The students took notes as they listened.(listen为延续性动词)学生们边听课边做笔记。

二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;whileas从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。

1.从句动作在主句动作前发生,只用 when

When he had finished his homeworkhe took a short rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。

When I got to the airportthe guests had left.(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。

2.从句动作和主句动作同时发生,且从句动作为延续性动词时,whenwhileas都可使用。

When While As we were dancinga stranger came in.(dance为延续性动词)当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来。

When While As she was making a phonecallI was writing a letter.(make为延续性动词)当她在打电话时,我正在写信。

3.当主句、从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用 as。这时,as常表示“随着……”;“一边……,一边……”之意。

As the time went onthe weather got worse.(as表示“随着……”之意)

The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.随着高度的增加,大气越来越稀薄。

As years go byChina is getting stronger and richer.随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。

The little girls sang as they went.小姑娘们一边走,一边唱。

The sad mother sat on the roadsideshouting as she was crying.伤心的妈妈坐在路边,边哭边叫。

4.在将来时从句中,常用when,且从句须用一般时代替将来时。

You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我读完这本书后,你可以借阅。

When the manager comes here for a visit next weekIll talk with him about this.下周,经理来这参观时,我会和他谈谈此事。

三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中(指过去的事情)。

sbhad hardly(=scarcely done sthwhen...=Hardly Scarcely had sbdone sthwhen...

I had hardly scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.=Hardly Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了。

I had hardly scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang.=Hardly Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang.我刚一走进房门,电话就响了

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