语法精讲句子结构六项 一:系表结构 1:主语+系动词+表语 1):稳定状态——be作系动词,表语是说明主语的稳定情况,状态,性质等。 The teacher is forty years old. I am poor. 2):状态的变化——系动词为get,turn,become,fall, 等。 The weather got warmer. The boy fell asleep. 3):被感觉的状态——感官词look,tast,smell,feel,sound为系动词。注:主语为被感觉的事物。 The rose looks very beautiful. Cotton feels soft. 4):感觉的状态——feel为系动词。 She feels satisfied with the work. 5):保持与持续的状态——keep,stay,remain为系动词。 The man keeps quiet. The old man remains in good health. 6):涉及结果的状态—— go,come,prove为系动词。 The meat went bad. Her dream has come true. His idea proved right. 7).:seem+adj.句型 She seems to be worried about her mother. 二:主谓结构 The teacher teaches( well). The child walks (very slowly). The war broke out (that year) The scientist looked out of the window. The doctor operated on (the patient). *The food eats well./ The novel sells well. 三:动宾结构 宾语可为sth./sb.或doing或to do或that /if/how/who/…/+从句或how/what/when/…/+to do The farmer dug a hole (in the field) People have the habbit of getting up early. Mr.Brown stopped teaching French. She continued to read the newspaper The girl asked.if I was scared at the strange creature. The man didn’t know what to do next. 注意:接to do 或doing意义相似的动词有:like,love,hate,begin,start,continue等。 接to do或doing意义不同的动词有:forget,remember,try,mean,regret,go on,stop等。 必须接doing的有:avoid,finish,enjoy,couldn’t help,mind,介词短语,等。 四:双宾结构 1.The artist showed them his paintings./ The artist showed his paintings to them. 此类动词有give,lend,send,tell,等。 Mother bought me a new dress./Mother bought a new dress for me. 此类动词有make,cook,play等。 注意:不说The teacher gave the boy it. 另须用:explain/announce/introduce to sb. sth 2.The man told the girl that he wanted to see a film with her. 3.The man advised me which to buy. 五:宾补结构 宾语补足语有sth./sb. 或to do 或 do或 doing 或done或adj.或 to be We call him Robert. She expected her son to work as a painter. We made/let the boy do it again. We saw the animal climb up the tree. ……………………climbing up the tree. 宾补接do/doing均可但语义不同的有see, hear, watch, notice等。 He kept the room clean. They paint the walls green. We consider the girl to be clever We find (it形宾)important for them(真宾 to learn English). Have + n.+ do 使某人/物去做某事 I had Tom copy it 50 times. Have + n.+ doing使某人/物不停或反复做某事 I had the car waiting for me for 2 hours. Have + n.+ done 使某人/物被…了I had my hair cut. 六:There be句型 谓语动词据就近原则: There is a textbook, a dictionary and some paintings on the desk. 注意:不能把there be与 have混用 ╳ There have lots of trees in the forest. 语法精练: 1.It’s so nice to hear from her. ____ , we last met more than thirty years ago. A. What’s more B. That is to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 2. ____ heavy rain we had yesterday! A. What a B. What C. How a D. How 3. ---- How ____ feel to be home again after 20 years abroad? ---- Exciting. A. do you B. did you C. does it D. does that 4. ____ down the radio--- the baby is asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn 5. ____ the man I met in the hospital is your uncle? A. Which of B. What C. How D. How a 6. ____ kind the teacher is to us! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 7. ____ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. What a long way it is D. How long way is it 8.The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult. A. to not make B. not to make C. not making don’t make 9. He is ____ as any of you. A. as clever a boy B. as a clever boy C. a boy so clever D. a clever boy 答案:1—5BAADA 6—9CCBD |
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