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【小测试】 在我们揭晓这个词之前，我们先来做个小测试，大家看看以下10道单选题，你能做对几道： 估计现在大家都猜到这个小词是哪个词了。对的，就是——it。 说它小，是因为这个词无论是对老师，还是对学生而言，平常的教学当中恐怕都不大会花很多时间精力去好好学习，这也许与它的使用频率太高，以至于我们往往会因此忽视它的存在和重要性有关。 但关于it的用法，真要深究起来，其用法还是不那么容易掌握的，当中有不少其实都是习惯用法，没有太多规律可循。为此，小编整理了一下，归结为以下导图： 【图文版】 【文字版】 1 用作人称代词 1.1 指物 1.1.1 用来指代前文提到的事物。如：The job is difficult, but I like it. / I bought a new book yesterday and it is very interesting. 1.2 指人 1.2.1 主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如：Is it a boy or a girl? / (There is a knock on the door.) - Who is it? - It's me, John. 1.3 替代某些代词 1.3.1 用于代替指示代词this/that 以及复合不定代词 something/anything/nothing等。如：What's that? It's a pencil. / Everything is going well, isn't it? 2 用作非人称代词 2.1 指时间。如：What time is it now? It's 14:50. 2.2 指距离。如：It's a long distance to go home. 2.3 指天气。如：What's the weather like today? It's sunny. 2.4 指气候。如： What's the climate like in spring in Shanghai? It often rains. 2.5 用于固定短语。如：make it（做成）; take it easy（放松）等。 3 用作形式主语 3.1 主要用法 3.1.1 当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it。 3.2 常见句型 3.2.1 It's time for sth. 如：It's time for bed. 3.2.2 It's time to do sth. 如：It's time to go home. 3.2.3 It's time for sb. to do sth. 如：It's time for you to leave. 3.2.4 It's high/about time that ....（that从句中的动词多用一般过去时或是should do。） 如：It's high time that we fought back. 3.2.5 It's the first/second/... time that ....(that从句中的动词一般都采用完成时态。）如：It's the first time that I have seen a film till so late into the night. 3.2.6 It's ... for/of sb. to do sth. 如：It's so kind of you to help us in time. / It's so difficult for him to reach there on time. 3.2.7 It takes/took sb. sth. to do sth. 如：It took me a lot of money to buy the airconditioner. 4 用作形式宾语 4.1 主要用法 4.1.1 当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。其基本结构为“动词 it 宾语补足语 不定式(动名词或从句)”。 4.2 常见句型 4.2.1 He finds it easy to pass the coming English test. 4.2.2 I think it no use complaining all the time without doing anything. 4.2.3 You can put it that he did so on purpose. 4.2.4 Rumor has it that she will marry the poor guy next month. 4.2.5 You can rely on it that they will arrive here soon. 4.2.6 She took it for granted that we would like her cooking. 5 用于特殊句型 5.1 强调句 5.1.1 It is 被强调内容 that 句子剩余成分。如：It is he that spoiled our party yesterday. 这个结构几乎可以用来强调所有成分，除了谓语动词。 5.1.2 It is/was not until 被强调部分 that ...。如：It was not until he took off his hat that we found that he was so handsome. 【自测题答案】 有了这张导图，大家基本可以由此逐一对照，从而确认前面10道选择题的答案了：1. D 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C。 【小编建议】 大家对以上题目如果有何疑问，欢迎评论提问。推荐大家欣赏一首有关it的歌曲：Let it go，由Demi Lovato演绎的现场版。 ******************************************** 学生如何学好英语，老师如何教好英语，家长如何帮助孩子学好英语，答案就在这里。 欢迎关注并支持廖怀宝的原创头条号——'新概念英语的教与学'！ |
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