在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句 宾语从句的用法: 一、由that引导的宾语从句 (一) 在及物动词后做宾语 例:The professor points out (that) Leisure comes with anthropic process history. (二) 在双宾后面作直接宾语 例:He told his teacher that this club has a women's auxiliary. (三) 宾语从句后置 宾语从句如果出现在复合宾语结构中,此时的宾语从句被置于补足语后面了,因此是一个后置的宾语从句。结构:“动词+it形式宾语+宾语补足语+that宾语从句” 例:We must make it clear that as usual, the yearly audit will take place in December. 注意:在及物动词后面的宾语从句,其引导词一般可以省略,但是that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外: 1. 如果是几个宾语从句并列使用,则连词that一般不省略,因为有了that的“指路牌”作用,便于读者快速判断句子结构。 例:He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college. 2. 在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中,that不省略 例:We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time 3. 介词宾语从句的that不能省略。 例:I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 二、由连词if、whether的宾语从句 Whether, if 在从句中不做句子的成分,但是却不能省略。一般情况下,whether和if 可以替换。 例:I do not know if/whether he will come tomorrow. 但是在下面的几种情况只能用whether: 1. 在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导 例:Everything depends on whether we have enough money。 2. 宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导 例:I do not know whether the movie star will come or not. 3. 和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导 例:Whether to go there or not has not been decided. 三、由wh-开头的疑问代词或副词引导的宾语从句 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分,不能省略。 (一) 由疑问代词引导的宾语从句 宾语从句可由连接代词what , who , whom , whose , which, whomever, whomever, whatever等引导,它们在宾语从句中可做主语、宾语、表语和定语等,因此不能省略。如: 1. Do you know which patron will purchase this and offer it to an important museum. (二) 由疑问副词引导的宾语从句 宾语从句可由连接副词when , where , how , why 等引导,它们在宾语从句中作状语,不可省略。 例:It’s hard for me to figure out how to break the pattern. 注意:宾语从句的语序, 宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序,即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 例:I believe that they will come soon. |
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