宾语从句中引导词的用法比较 在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有: 连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词:who, whose, what ,which 副词:when ,where, how, why 等。 (一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略) 1.可跟that从句做宾语的动词有: say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。 例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. 注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。 例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that. 2.在以下情况中that不能省略 a.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。 例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you. b.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。 例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. c.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。 例句:I can’t tell him that his mother died. d.注:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。 例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time. (二)由whether,if 引导的宾语从句 1.由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。 例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party. 2.只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句 a.在带to的不定式前 例句:We decided whether to walk there. b.在介词的后面 例句:I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film. c.在动词后面的宾语从句时 例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week d.直接与or not连用时 例句:I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time. 3.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句 a.if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果” 例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. b.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 例句:He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday. c.引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时 例句:He talks as if he has known all about it. |
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