医学英语丨解剖词汇

locomotor (kinetic) system 运动系统

vertebrae 椎骨

cervical vevtebrae 颈椎

thoracic vertebrae 胸椎

lumbar vertebrae 腰椎

sacrum 骶骨

sternum 胸骨

rib 肋骨

thoracic cage 胸廓

skull 颅

frontal bone 额骨

parietal bone 顶骨

occipital bone 枕骨

temporal bone 颞骨

sphenoid bone 蝶骨

ethmoid bone 筛骨

mandible (submaxilla) 下颌骨

maxilla (supermaxilla) 上颌骨

nasal bone 鼻骨

coronal (sagital, lambdoid) suture  冠状（矢状，人字）缝

orbit 眶

clavicle 锁骨

scapula (shoulder blade) 肩胛骨

sternum (breast bone) 胸骨

manubrium sterni (presternum) 胸骨柄

midsternum 胸骨体

xiphoid 剑突

humerus 肱骨

radius 桡骨

ulna 尺骨

carpal bone 腕骨

metacarpal bone 掌骨

phalanges 指(趾)骨

hip bone 髋骨

ilium 髂骨

ischium  坐骨

pubis 耻骨

femur  股骨

patella 髌骨

·tibia 胫骨

fibula  腓骨

articulation 关节

ligament 韧带

flexion 屈

extension 伸

adduction 收

abduction 展

medial rotation 旋内

lateral rotation 旋外

pronation 旋前

supination 旋后

circumductoin 环转

vertebral column 脊柱

intervertebral disc 椎间盘

temporal-mandibular joint 颞下颌关节

shoulder joint 肩关节

elbow joint 肘关节

radiocarpal joint 肩关节

radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节

pelvis 骨盆

hip joint 髋关节

knee joint 膝关节

ankle joint 踝关节

muscle 肌肉

tendon 肌腱

fascia 筋膜

tendinous sheath 腱鞘

trapezius 斜方肌 

latissimus dorsi 背阔肌 

sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突的

scalenus  斜角肌

pectoralis major 胸大肌

intercostales 肋间肌

diaphragm 膈肌

inguinal canal 腹股沟管

masseter 咬肌

temporalis 颞肌

deltoid 三角肌  

biceps brachii 肱二头肌

triceps brachii 肱三头肌

axillary fossa  腑窝

gluteus maximus 臀大肌

piriformis 梨状肌

sartorius 缝匠肌

quadriceps femoris 股四头肌

triceps surae 小腿三头肌

femoral triangle 股三角