WHAT IS PERSONALITY?人格是什么？ Otto F. Kernberg, MD 奥托·克恩伯格 mints译 The concept of personality, in my view (Kernberg & Caligor, 2005; Posneret al, 2003), refers to the dynamic integration of the totality of a person’s subjective experience and behavior patterns, including both (1) conscious,concrete, and habitual behaviors, experiences of self and of the surrounding world, conscious, explicit psychic thinking, and habitual desires and fears and (2) unconscious behavior patterns, experiences and views, and intentional states. It is a dynamic integration insofar as it implies an organized, integrated association of multiple traits and experiences that influence each other, the final outcome of the coordination of multiple dispositions. In this regard, personality represents a much more complex and sophisticated entity than simply the sum of all its component features. 人格的概念，在我看来(Kernberg & Caligor, 2005; Posner et al, 2003)，是一个人的主观经验和行为模式的动态整合，包括两个方面（1）对周围的世界，意识，明确的精神思维，和习惯性的欲望与恐惧之有意识的、具体的、以及习惯性行为、体验。以及（2）无意识的行为模式、经验和观点，以及有意识的状态。它是一个动态的整合，因为它是一种有组织的，相互影响的多样性状与经验的整体一体化的综合体，是多重气质协调的最终结果。在这一点上，人格代表了其所有组元特征的简单综合的更复杂和更微妙的实体。 Personality derives from the human organism’s capacity to experience subjective states that reflect the internal condition of the body as well as the perception of the external environment within which this body functions. 人格源于人类有机体对主观状态体验的能力，这种状态，即反映了身体的内部状态，也反映了在此外部环境之中这个身体功能的感知。
The combination of the scientific advances in the area of genetic determination of neurotransmitters that activate and regulate various affective states, the observation of interacting relationships between baby and caregiver from birth on, and the observation of psychological functioning throughout early development and into adulthood is gradually facilitating an integrated view of the determinants of personality. 激活和调节各种情感状态的神经递质的遗传性测定，对照顾者和婴儿从出生开始的交互关系的观察，以及从早期发展到成年的心理功能的观察，这些领域的科学进展的结合，逐步推动了人格决定因素的综合观。 我相信，小团体的社会学研究，教育和文化习俗的心理学影响，特定类型的有机体的研究，人格病理学共同的许可，这些都正在建立了一个关于人格及其在健康与疾病中的和谐与不和谐功能的主导特征的整体框架。
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