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高考对谓语动词的考查在每份试卷中都有一定的份量，并主要体现在以下几点： 一、时态和语态 历年全国各地高考试题都比较集中地考查以下几种基本时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成（进行）时和过去完成时等。命题规律一般是在比较复杂的句子结构中或在特写的语境中，将时态和语态结合在一起进行考查。有的试题带有特征性的时间状语；有的试题没有这样的时间状语，但有上下文暗示；有的试题既有时间暗示，也有上下文暗示。解题技巧在于要运用排除法，通过查找句子中的时间状语来、上下文的暗示、主从复合句的时态一致规律来把握时态。每年各地考查时态的题目都很多，特举以下数例来作说明： 【考例】 ①—You look very tired. ____ at all last night? —No, not really. I’m tired out now. 【2006年陕西卷】 A. Do you sleep B. Were you sleeping C. Did you sleep D. Had you slept 【解析】题干中有具体的过去时间状语last night，排除选项A和D。问话人的前提是“你（现在）看上去很累”，因此更关心的是“昨晚睡没睡”的问题，而不是“昨晚某时候正在睡觉”的问题，所以答案选C。 ②It is said that the early European playing-cards ____ for entertainment and education. 【2006年辽宁卷】 A. were being designed B. have designed C. have been designed D. were designed 【解析】 题干中有early一词暗指过去时间，可排除B和C项。说话人只是在陈述这一过去所发生的事实，故不用过去进行时，答案选D。 ③They ____ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we____ it as no good results have come out so far. 【2005年江苏卷】 A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working 【解析】题干前一句中动作发生在“before I joined”之前，应用过去完成时，排除C和D项；后一句中有时间状语now，属于现在时态范畴，因此可以排除B项，正确答案为A项。 ④Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane ____.【2006年福建卷】 A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off 【解析】 题干所表示的是航班乘务员在通知乘客系好安全带，其原因是“飞机马上要起飞了”，“take off”要用进行时表示将来时。答案选B。A项也可用现在时表示将来时态，但必须接有时刻类的时间状语，传达的是车、船、飞机将按所安排好的时刻起程。2006年四川卷第22题也是如此。 ⑤ —I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. ―____ good. 【2006年湖北卷】 A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds 【解析】注意语言所隐含的交际功能：上一句所传达的是一种提议，语气委婉。下一句表示陈述一种事实，为“It(Your suggestion) sounds good”的省略。答案D。 ⑥ —Your job ____ open for your return. —Thanks. 【2006年北京卷】 A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept 【解析】注意做题的切入点在于要理解上文意为“你的工作将给保留着，等着你的归来”，是一种承诺，首先考虑应用被动语态，排除B和C项；其次“承诺”的是将来的事情，故可排除D项。答案只有A。 ⑦ Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _______ to ask how I am going to spend the money. 【2005年湖南卷】 A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 【解析】根据上文“hasn’t stopped ringing”这一事实来看，“phone to ask”应该是这一阶段正在发生的事情，这一时态应用现在进行时态来表示。答案D。 ⑧ —Where did you put the car keys? —Oh, I ____ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I ____ in. 【2006年北京卷】 A. remembered; come B. remembered; was coming C. remember; come D. remember; was coming 【解析】下文的交待应该是我“现在”所记得的事情，故第一空应用现在时态，排除A和B项；第二空用在as引起的时间状语从句中，应和“rang”保持一致，故可排除C项。答案D。 二、考查主从句中时态的呼应 除表示客观真理外，宾语从句、时间状语从句和条件状语从句等应当与主句的时态保持一致，即主句现在时或将来时，宾语从句用所需要的时态，时间和条件状语从句表示将来的动作时要用现在时态。主句过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。另外，主语从句、定语从句和并列句有时要根据语境的需要与主句保持一定的呼应关系。如： 【考例】 ①The house could fall down soon if no one ____ some quick repair work. 【2004年全国卷Ⅳ】 A. has done B. is doing C. does D. had done 【解析】注意主句中的“could”不是过去时态，而是表示猜测的情态动词，视为现在时态，if引起的条件状语从句应用现在时态，应排除D项。A项表示“已经做好”，B项表示“正在做”，C项表示“（去）做”，最佳答案C。2005年全国卷I第28题与此题类似。 ②I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he ____ home for dinner. 【2006年辽宁卷】 A. come B. comes C. has come D. will come 【解析】此题同学们容易错选B，以为if从句表示条件。同例①不同的是，if从句在此为一宾语从句，主句中“want to make sure”为现在时态，宾语从句可用所需要的任何时态，句意所要表达的是“确信他是否打算回家吃饭”这一信息，故D为正确答案。 ③The moment the 28th Olympic Games ____ open, the whole world cheered. 【2006年福建卷】 A. declared B. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared 【解析】注意the moment相当于“as soon as”引导一个时间状语从句，主句中为过去时态，因此时间状语从句中不会用现在时态，排除B和C项。从句中主谓为被动关系，答案只有D。 ④It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847--1931) ____ the world leading inventor for sixty years. 【2004年辽宁卷】 A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was 【解析】主句为现在时态，主语从句中有具体的时间状语“for sixty years”，又提供了Edison的生卒年代（1847--1931），只能选用一般过去时态。答案D。 ⑤In a room above the store, where a party ____, some workers were busily setting the table. 【2006年湖南卷】 A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held 【解析】主语从句和定语从句的时态与主句的时态不一定非要保持一致，但有时需要一定的呼应。题干中整个语境置于过去时态，陈述的是一个过去所发生的事情（与现在无关），因此，定语从句所表达的事情也只能是相对于“setting the table”而言的。正确答案应选A。 ⑥Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _____the Pacific, and we met no storms. 【2005年辽宁卷】 A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 【解析】含空的句子为一定语从句，表达的是一个客观事实，故只能用一般现在时态，答案B。 ⑦My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He ____ there for a few months and then went to America.【2006年江西卷】 A. worked B. would work C. would be working D. has been working 【解析】注意题干中的所表达的三个动作已经发生，有顺承的先后关系，这种情况下该动词应与其他两个谓语动词的形式保持一致。答案A。 ⑧ —What were you doing when Tony phoned you? —I had just finished my work and ____ to take a shower. 【2004年天津卷】 A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting 【解析】本题特别刁钻，考生会一不小心选A。虽然也有顺承关系，但后一动作不一定已经发生，此处表示的是“正即将开始”，答案为D。 三、考查被动语态 主语为动作的接受者时，谓语应该使用被动语态。命题人惯常的作法是将被动语态与时态结合在一起进行考查，但有时也伴随有其他意图。如： 【考例】 ①More patients ____ in hospital this year than last year. 【2004年江苏卷】 A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated 【解析】主语“patients”与动词“treat”为被动关系，可排除A项和B项。命题人兼顾对时态进行了考查。该谓语动词的时态应是“this year”而非“last year”，所以正确答案为D。 ②Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to _____ before the party. 【2004年全国卷I】 A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 【解析】考查被动语态另一种表达方式：get + p.p.，答案A。 四、考查主谓一致和倒装句与助动词的用法 这一方面的考题其实并不难，但需要考生将常见的一些表达方法熟记在心，如主语后接介词with、as well as、except等短语时谓语要用单数形式；quantities of/a number of/the number of +主语时谓语的单复数形式；从句作主语时谓语的单复数形式；否定意义的词语置于句首时句子要倒装等等。请看考例： 【考例】 ①Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ____ any end to their influence man’s lives. 【2004年广东卷】 A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there 【解析】否定意义副词neither置于句首，句子倒装；主语“any end”为单数，答案C。 ②They have a good knowledge of English but little ____ they know about German. 【2005年天津卷】 A. have B. did C. had D. do 【解析】little置于句首，句子倒装；题干为并列句，前后时态一致，答案D。 ③A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. 【2006年江苏卷】 A. is B. are C. was D. were 【解析】“a poet and artist”是同一人，谓语为单数；时间状语“tomorrow afternoon”表明应该用将来时态，趁向性动作的动词“come”用进行时态表将来，答案选A。 五、考查句型结构 某些句型结构中的时态用法是死的，平时熟记它们则解题并不难。如“祈使句（动词原形）+并列连词+分句(can, may, will+动词原形)”、“Sb. was doing sth./was about to do sth./had done sth. when(并列连词‘这时’) sth. else happened”等，正确认识题干中的并列连词是解题的关键。 【考例】 ①Let’s keep to the point or we ____ any decisions. 【2004年全国卷I】 A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached 【解析】见“Do…or…（从句用will+动词原形）”这一句型，答案A。 ② ____ straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it. 【2004年湖北卷】 A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going 【解析】见“and you’ll see”的暗示，前一分句为祈使句，答案A。 ③ I ____along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____. 【2006年安徽卷】 A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred 【解析】题干表示的是“我正在做着某事，这时发生了一件事故”，属于“Sb. was doing sth. when sth. else happened”这一句型。答案C。 在平时英语学习过程中，许多学生容易在时态语态题上失分，由此而产生惧怕心理，但只要平时多钻研规律，真正体会用到它们的语言环境，掌握时态语态和句型结构的表达形式，此类试题便可突破。 |
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