had had 是过去完成时,而have had是现在完成时. 现在完成时和过去完成时的区别 一、从结构上区别 现在完成时:主语 + have / has + 过去分词 (肯定式) 主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 (否定式) Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 (疑问式) 过去完成时:主语 + had + 过去分词 (肯定式) 主语 +had + not + 过去分词 (否定式) Had + 主语 + 过去分词 (疑问式) (二)从时间状语区别 现在完成时:常用的时间状语包括 “now,today,tonight,this week,this year,already,yet,just,recently…etc”. 过去完成时:常用的时间状语包括 “by,at,before等构成的短语”. 注意:当表示一段时间,现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语. (三)使用时注意事项 使用现在完成时应该注意: 1.“ have/ has got ”形式上是一种完成时,但和have/ has 为同一意义,即 “有”. 例如:Have you got a pen-friend?你有笔友吗? Yes,I have.是的,我有. Has he got a lot of work to do?他有许多工作要做吗? No,he hasn’t.不,他没有. 2.have/ has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别 have/ has gone to 强调“去而未归”; have/ has been to 强调“去而归还”.have/ has been to常和once,twice,never,ever连用; have/ has gone to则不可.例如: — Have Jack ever been to Beijing?杰克去过北京吗? — Yes,he’s been there several times.是的,他去过好几次了. — Where have Mary and Tom gone?玛丽和汤姆去哪里了? — They’ve gone to London.他们去伦敦了. 3.非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中. 这类动词有:come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop等.但它们能够 用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词.例如: arrive,come → be here,be in begin,start → be on buy → have die → be dead fall asleep(ill) → be asleep (ill) finish,end → be over get to know → know get up → be up go out → be out join → be in ,be a + 名词 leave,move → be away,be out of 使用过去完成时应该注意: 如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时.例如: When she came into the room,she found them sitting together singing. 她进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌. After we said good-bye to our friends,we left the village. 在和朋友告别之后我们就离开村子. 总结: 现在完成时着眼于现在,强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果,或是由过去持续到现在的动作. I have cleaned the classroom .(强调扫地所产生的结果:地干净了!) We have lived here for ten years.(“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时) We have lived here since we came here.(“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时) 过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别,表达的是“过去的过去”,即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”,两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时,后发生的则只用一般过去时.运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作,一定要注意这点哟! Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.('来”中国已过去,而先前“住”在纽约更过去!)(另外注意:“住”在纽约可没有持续到现在哟!) We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term. (“上期期末”已过去,而是在其前“学”的就更过去了!) |
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