莱佛士医生 – 警惕禽流感 The Raffles Doctor - Bird flu A(H7N9...

从2月6号到14号，中国开始陆续出现77例感染禽流感（H7N9）的病例，其中8人死亡。禽流感会导致十分严重甚至致命的呼吸道疾病。

大多数禽流感感染病例是由接触活体家禽引起的，或可能直接接触被其污染的环境导致的，尤其是在出售活体家禽的菜市场。这种病毒目前尚缺乏人与人之间传播的确切证据。患者是否为人禽流感的传染源尚待进一步确定。

From 6 to 14 February 2017, a total of 77 cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) were noted, including eight fatalities. Avian influenza virus can cause severe acute respiratory systems which can be fatal.

Most of the cases of human infection with the H7N9 virus were a result of direct contact with live poultry or potentially contaminated environments, especially markets where live birds have been sold. This virus does not appear to transmit easily from person to person, and sustained human-to-human transmission has not been reported.

症状 Symptoms

到目前为止，大多数患者感染了严重肺炎。常见的症状与流感相似，包括发烧、咳嗽和呼吸急促。头痛、肌肉酸痛和全身不适也可能是伴随的症状。

Thus far, most patients with this infection have had severe pneumonia. Common symptoms are similar to the flu and include fever, cough and shortness of breath. It  may also be accompanied by headaches, muscle soreness and general malaise. 

预防 Prevention

目前还没有H7N9疫苗。为了帮助您预防H7N9，莱佛士医生有以下建议：

远离活禽：不去交易活禽的农贸市场；不接触鸡、鸭、鹅之类的活禽。

遵循基本的卫生习惯，认真洗手：在做饭前，中，后洗手；饭前洗手；上厕所后洗手；处理动物或动物排泄后洗手；手脏的时候要洗手；在照顾家中病人之前和之后要洗手。 

鸡、鸭还是能吃，但要确保你所吃的家禽产品都煮熟，包括鸡蛋。

及时询问你的医生：如果出现流感症状，请及时询问医生。

There is currently no vaccine for H7N9. To help prevent infection by H7N9, Raffles Medical recommends the following:

Avoid live poultry markets and any unnecessary contact with live birds. 

Follow basic hygiene practices, wash your hands before, during, and after preparing meals; before you eat; after you use the toilet; after handling animals or animal waste; when your hands are dirty; and before and after providing care to anyone in your home who is sick. 

Ensure all poultry products are thoroughly cooked, including eggs.

If you develop any flu like symptoms, please seek advice from your doctor.

禽流感是什么？What is the avian influenza A(H7N9) virus?

虽然一些H7禽流感病毒（H7N2、H7N3和H7N7）会感染人类，但在中国在2013年3月报道人类受H7N9禽流感病毒的病例前并没有出现任何病例。

Avian influenza viruses normally circulate among birds. Although some avian H7 viruses (H7N2, H7N3 and H7N7) have occasionally been found to infect humans, no human infections with H7N9 viruses were reported until reports from China in March 2013.

大多数已知的人类H7N9感染都是由与被感染家禽的直接接触引起的，或者与被感染家禽的非直接接触（如去菜市场，接触到因感染家禽关押或屠杀而被感染的环境）。少数病例似乎是由有限的人与人接触引起的。因为H7N9感染对于家禽而言并不严重，这种感染可以“静悄悄地”在家禽间传播。在这种情况下，很难请确的发现感染的病人。

虽然已经出现成群的感染（一个人感染了另一个和他接近的人），这种病毒并没有明显的可以从一个人轻松的传染到另一个人身上，并继续传染的迹象，目前尚缺乏人与人之间传播的确切证据。

Most known human H7N9 infections were as a result of direct contact with infected poultry, or indirect contact with infected poultry (for example, by visiting wet markets and having contact with environments where infected poultry have been kept or slaughtered). A minority of cases appear to have resulted from limited person to person transmission. Because H7N9 infections do not cause severe disease in poultry, this infection can spread “silently” among poultry. Under such circumstances, the exact exposure for individual cases of human infection may be difficult to establish.

Although there have been clusters of infection (infections in people in close proximity to one another), the virus does not appear to transmit easily from one person to another and further, onward, or sustained human-to-human transmission has not been reported despite investigations and follow up of cases and close contacts of cases.

资料来源Source: 

http://www./yjb/s3578/201702/6d04b2b39810459791f77ca3b8213dfd.shtml  

http://www./influenza/human_animal_interface/faq_H7N9/en/ 

图片/pictures: http://