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英文举例中文说明 1并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing areveryimportant. 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词，共用一个冠词用单数，表示 The iron andsteelindustry is very important to our life. The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注： 先从时态上考虑.这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.,C..本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the,在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B. 2 主谓一致中的就近原则 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致. There is apen,a knife and severalbooks on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 总的来说，在由not only…but also…，not just…but…，or,either…or…，neither…nor…连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如： Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week. Either you or she is to go. There is a pen,a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with,together with,like,except,but,nolessthan,aswellas 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致. The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 谓语需用单数 1) 代词each和由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数. Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is somethingwrongwith mywatch. 2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数. The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. <一千零一夜>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书. 3) 表示金钱，时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数.(用复数也可，意思不变.) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1) 在代词what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定. All is right. (一切顺利.) All are present. (所有人都到齐了.) 2)集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family,team，group，club,public,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体. His familyisn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭. His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者. 但集合名词people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽）.militia(民兵）.vermin(害虫）等在任何情况下都用复数形式. Are there any police around 3)有些名词，如variety,number,population,proportion,majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数. A number of +名词复数+复数动词. The number of +名词复数+单数动词. A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. 6 与后接名词或代词保持一致 1) 用half of,partof,most of,a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致. Most of hismoneyis spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2) 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致. Many a person hasreadthe novel. 许多人都读过这本书. More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市. 7 the+形容词/国籍形容词。表示一类人/一国人，作主语，谓语动词用复数。 8 the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人或两夫妇，作主语时，谓语动词用复数， 9四则运算时，谓语动词用单数。 10 表示，（时间，距离，重量，金额，书名）的复数名词作主语时，通常当做整体看待，谓语动词用单数。 |
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