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连signal words都不知道,你确定你会阅读?

 自由自在雒惠军 2017-03-18

 - Saturday- 

对话框回复“早安”或者“morning',获取清晨元气满满的英文金句

I don't think I need to tell you that reading is good for you—great for you. The more you read, the more you learn. The more you learn, the greater the grasp you have on how the world ticks. 

阅读的好处,甚至是伟大之处,无需赘言。你读得越多,学到的也越多;你学到的越多,对世界就了解得越多。


Reading expands your life perspective and fine tunes your life filter. You understand life more, and in turn, can deal with it better. 

阅读能够扩展你的人生视野,并且对你的生活准则进行微调。对于生活,你懂得更多,相应地就会应对得更自如。


Unfortunately, most people don't read. Sometimes, people do want to read—they've got a book at home sitting on the shelf that they fancy—but can never seem to find the time.

遗憾的是,大多数人并不阅读。有时候,人们真心想读书——他们拿来一本书,坐在家里最爱的书架旁——但似乎永远也找不到时间来读。


1

Have a goal

设定目标


Some people set radical goals for themselves like reading one book a week. (Yeah, I know right?) Obviously you don't have to be as radical as that. 

有些人喜欢给自己设定一个激进的目标,如一周读一本书。(是的,我说的对吧?)很显然,你不必那么激进。


You can start by reading a book a month. Or a book every two months even. Up to you. Whatever floats your boat. But setting a goal and aspiring to reach it gives you a focus that'll help you get the job done.

你可以从一个月读一本书开始,甚至是两个月读一本。这取决于你自己,只要开心就好。设定目标并全力以赴去实现它,这个过程能使你专注于此事,帮助你完成目标。

2

Accountability

责任感


Accountability helps. Maybe have a reading partner. Set something up between the both of you where you tell each other what book you're going to read and when you're going to check in with one another to see through your promise. 

责任感可以起作用。也许你可以找个阅读小伙伴,彼此约定好在什么地方,打算读什么书,什么时间相互检查进度以便坚持到底。


Another thing you can do is borrow books from your local library. (A gold mine!) The return date gives you a sense of pressure to finish your book by a certain deadline.

你可以做的另一件事就是从你们当地图书馆借书来读。(这简直是一座金矿!)还书日期会给你一种压力,让你在规定的期限内读完你的书。(来有书英语共读,与数十万小伙伴组队对抗惰性。)




3

 Create a dedicated time for yourself.

为自己留出专用时间


Whether it's deciding to wake up a half hour early to get in a few chapters, or choosing to get into bed and cozy up with a book before you eventually doze off, dedicating time specifically for reading helps so much. 

无论是打算早起半小时读上几个章节,或是选择睡前在床上舒适地享受一本书,为阅读留出专用时间是很有帮助的。


Just saying 'Every night, right before I hit the hay, I'm going to dedicate a couple minutes to reading,' can be a powerful decision in itself.

对自己说:“每天晚上,在上床睡觉之前,我要留出一点时间来读书”,这样的方式真是太赞了!


4

 Create a dedicated space for yourself.

为自己打造个专属空间


Sometimes, the best way to set the mood for reading is having a dedicated space for one's self. Perhaps yours is in bed, with your bedside lamp illuminating the night's final task. 

有时,调试心情到阅读状态的最好方法就是为自己准备一个专属空间。也许,是在温馨的床上,让床头的台灯照亮夜晚最后一项任务(吹灭读书灯,一身都是月)。


Perhaps it's in the library. Perhaps you have the luxury of creating a reading room for yourself. Perhaps it's snug in the corner of your local coffee shop.

也许,是在图书馆,打造一个专属阅览室从而获得“奢侈”享受。也许,是在附近咖啡馆角落里,营造一个舒适空间……



5

Eliminate distractions.

消除干扰


Get rid of the laptop. Turn your phone off. No Netflix. Goodbye TV. Focus on your book.

移开笔记本电脑。关上手机。不上网。不开电视。专注于阅读。


Reading may seem like a mental strain at first thought. But truth be told, it's a pleasurable, rewarding leisure activity. 

阅读似乎是一种精神压力。但说实话,它其实是一种愉悦的,具有回报性的休闲活动。


You'll add zest and color to your vocabulary, expand your life perspective, enlighten yourself with the wisdom and insight of others, and perhaps even learn a little bit about your being in the process which you wouldn't have otherwise.

它将给你的词汇表里添加热情和色彩,拓宽你的人生视野,以他人的智慧和洞见启发自己,也许,你甚至会了解一些你从未经历过的事。


 如何有效阅读的诀窍:分析篇章的组织 


作为作者可用多种方法组织篇章,比如时间顺序、因果关系。作为读者,如果能够确定这些组织结构很有用,这样自己可加以运用,进行有效阅读(此方式特别适用于阅读理解)。


以下是一些结构和有助于确定这些结构的signal words信号词,读者可以利用信号词进行快递、精准阅读。也许某些文章的'signal words'并不明显(如上文),此时需要通过对文章的理解进行分析。


Chronological (时间顺序)

文本按照时间顺序组织:开头、中间和结尾

信号词: first, in 1965, then, during, afterward, following that, subsequently, finally


Compare and contrast (比较和对比)

讨论两件或两件以上事情的相同点和不同点

信号词:similarly, likewise, on the contrary, however, unlike, on the other hand


Positive and negative (肯定和否定)

解释事物的优点和缺点

这种结构有时也称为 pros and cons 或是 advantages and disadvantages。

注意,这种结构风格采用 compare and contrast 来介绍相同点。

信号词: however, on the other hand, pros and cons, one advantage is, one disadvantage is



Sequence (顺序)

信息按照发生的顺序组织。

Sequence 适合指示或说明,也可用于描述过程。

注意:不得与 chronological 混淆。

这两种组织方式具有相同的信号词。

信号词: first, then, next, after that, before, finally


Cause and effect (因果关系)

文本解释了某事的结果或者发生的原因

信号词: therefore, as a result, due to, consequently, led to, hence


List (列举)

文本包含一系列列出的事项,或按实际的表格进行呈现,或按顺序在段落中进行介绍。

信号词: for instance, in addition, moreover, furthermore, another



Problem and solution (问题和解决办法)

文本指出一个 problem 并提出可能的 solutions。

信号词: a negative consequence, the problem is, the biggest difficulty, one solution, a remedy, the answer


Spatial (空间)

信息按照其现实中的 'organized' 结构加以组织。

例如,如果描述一个国家的地理情况,你可能想从东南西北四个方面来进行安排。

这种方法常用于 descriptive writing(描写文)中。

信号词: above, east, tastes, looks, next to, sounds


Order of importance (重要程度)

信息根据重要程度从低到高或从高到低进行排列。

信号词: the most important, the least important


小贴士:

signal words信号词不是关联词,

关联词是conjunction words。


signal words类似于key words,

简而言之,可以理解为传达重要信息的词

本文节选自可可英语文章

《让你每天多些阅读时间的10个小窍门》


I hope this article has brought value to your life. 

Happy reading!



编辑:刘亚南 Life is like angry birds. There are always several pigs laughing when you lose.



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