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强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。 英语常用的强调结构是'It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)...'。一般说来,被强调部分指人时,用who;指事物时用that,但that也可以指人。在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。 ⒈ 陈述句的强调句型 It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。例： It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 2. 一般疑问句的强调句型 同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。例： Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型 被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分?例： When and where was it that you were born? 4. not … until … 句型的强调句 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. （注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用;因为句型中It is/ was not ... 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。） 5. 谓语动词的强调 It is/ was ... that ... 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。例： Do sit down. （注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式;过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。） 常见到的强调形式，共有以下七类： ⒈ 用do\does\did + V可表强调 Some people do believe that nuclear power poses a threat to the world peace. ⒉ adv或adj可表强调：Never \ only\ Very This is the very question that deserves careful analysis. ⒊ 双重否定可表强调 Taking part-time jobs is never without drawbacks. ⒋ what引导的主从可表强调 What really matters is cooperation. ⒌ 倒装可表强调(凡是倒装都可以表示强调) Little do people take into account the seriousness of this problem. ⒍ 比较状语从句可表强调 Nothing is more imperative than to learn from the past. ⒎ 强调句型可表强调 It is \was +被强调部份+ that \ who +原句剩余部份 It is stability that destroys people’s ambition and barricades people’s steps. 强调主语 It was he that saw Mr. Wang on TV yesterday. 强调宾语 It was Mr. Wang that he saw on TV yesterday. 强调补语 It is green that he has pained the door. 强调表语 It is a doctor that he has become. 强调地点状语 It was on TV that he saw Mr. Wang yesterday. 强调时间状语 It was yesterday that he saw Mr. Wang on TV. 强调方式状语 It was by bike that we went to the park. 强调各类从句 It was what he said that surprised me. 强调not…until…中的时间状语 It was not until 12 o’clock that he went to bed. (比较原句：He didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. ) 强调非谓语动词 It was playing computer games that cost the boy a lot of money. 1. 关于结构中的that 此结构中，除强调的是作主语或宾语的人时可以用who外，其它任何情况都只能用that。如： It was Kate that/who told me about it. It was yesterday afternoon that she told me about it. (that不能用when替代) 2. 关于结构中be的形式 原句中谓语动词是过去式，强调结构的be用is，原句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，强调结构的be用was。如： It is he that likes playing games. 注：be有时与表示推测的情态动词连用。如：It must be John that/who cleaned the room. 3. 关于主谓一致问题 被强调的是原句的主语时，要注意that/who后的谓语动词与原句主语一致。如： It is I that am in trouble. 4. 强调结构的省略式 Who is making so much noise in the garden? It is the children. (=It is the children that are making so much noise in the garden. ) 5. 如何强调否定句 要将not一同强调，构成It is/was not…that… It is not he that/who studies French. 学法语的不是他。(原句：He doesn’t study French. ) 6. 如何强调双宾语 无论强调哪个宾语，都必须根据动词的搭配关系，加上to或for。如： 原句：He gave Mary a pen. 强调直接宾语：It was Mary that he gave a pen to. 强调间接宾语：It was a pen that he gave to Mary. 7. 强调结构作宾语时的语序 要与陈述句语序相同。如： I don’t know where it is that he has gone. 8. 强调结构与类似句型的区别 判断是否是强调结构的方法是：去掉it is/was和that后，剩余部分(经调整后) 是否依然是个完整的句子，若是，就是强调结构，否则就不是。 It is a pity that you could not come. (去掉It is和that后，句子不成立，是形式主语句型) It was at ten that he got home. (去掉it was和that后，原句可调整为He got home at ten. 句子完整正确，故这是强调结构) 9. 强调句为原因状语从句的引导词 that后的强调句如果是原因状语从句，从句只能用because引导，不能用since，as或why。 It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river。 |
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