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（三） 定语从句 关系代词： that; which; who; whom; whose; as 关系副词： when; where; why （1）如定语从句中缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词（关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略）；如定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，则用关系副词；考查whose的模式：whose+n.（whose在定语从句中充当定语），但有时要慎用。如： The old scientist , for _______ life was once very hard , still works in his eighties. （2）the same… / such… / so… + as 引导定语从句 注意区分：such ... as + 定语从句 ；such ... that + 结果状语从句 David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him. He is such a person _____ is respected by all of us. （3）定语从句中，只用that不用which的7种情况： ＊先行词是不定代词或者被不定代词修饰的时候（all,little,much,none,---thing） ＊先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时 ＊先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 修饰时 ＊先行词中既有人又有物时 ＊当主句的主语是which开头时， 如：Which is the bike that you lost?） ＊有两个定语从句，其中一个是which引导，则另外一个只能用that引导 ＊当先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在定语从句中也做表语时 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. (4) 在定语从句中，只能用which而不能用 that的两种情况： 在非限制性定语从句中只能用which；介词之后只能用which The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. that B. It C. them D. Which (5) whose 可与of which换用 This is the house whose window broke last night. This is the house the window of which broke last night. This is the house of which the window broke last night. (6) as, which 都可以代替一句话，来引导定语从句，其区别是： ＊as 引导的定语从句位置随便，而which引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后 ＊as多用于下列习惯用语中：as sb do / as is done （as anybody can see,as you know, as we have expected）,as often happens ,as is often the case / as is the case with sb ＊当非限制定语从句是否定句或表示否定时，只能用which引导定语从句，如： He came here very late, which was unexpected (not expected). ＊表示“众所周知”的三种说法：As is known to all, It is known to all that, What is known to all is that... (7) 关系副词可以换成介词+ 关系代词，介词用什么，一看定语从句中的动词常跟什么介词搭配，二看先行词常跟什么介词搭配。 Do you know the direction ______ ______ the plane flew. This is the old man ______ ______ we all show respect . Technology has quickened the rate _____ _____we communicate with the world around us. (8) 介词 + which / whom引导的定语从句有时可以转换成“介词 + which / whom + 不定式结构” The beggar has no money with which he can buy food. = The beggar has no money with which to buy food. (9) 有时为了表达清楚（特别是在要说明方位或时间的情况下），在关系副词where/when 前 加介词from, to, since,by等。如： I stood by the window from where I enjoyed the beautiful scenery there. The reforming and opening policy was carried out in 1979 in China, since when China has changed greatly. (10) 在“situation, case, stage, point, position, job, activity, story, address”等的“模糊 地点名词” 之后常用where引导的定语从句,但要慎用，如： I can think of many cases _____ I feel very embarrassed. I can think of many cases _____ you know nothing about. 趁热打铁 1. As a child, he studied in a village, ________ is named after his grandfather. 2. I have reached a point in my life _____ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. This is the point ________ I must insist on. 3. Teaching is a job ______ you are doing something serious but interesting. 4. In the dark street, there was not a single person ______ ______ she could turn for help. 5. The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of _______/________ hands were made of small diomonds. 6. Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 7. Dancing is an activity ______(whose/where) sight matters more than hearing. 8. Today we will discuss a number of cases ____ beginners of English fail to use English properly. 9. The book was written in 1946, ________(since then/since when) the education system has witnessed great changes. 10. Can you think of a situation ______ this idiom can be used? 11. He was educated at the local high school, ______(after that/after which) he went on to Beijing University. 12. I’ll give you my friend’s address, ______(when/where) I can be reached most evenings. 13. It’s time that sb. ______/______(do) sth. 14.This is the first time that I ________(be) here. 15.That was the third time that he ______(visit) the Great Wall 16. Don't trust such people _______ praise you to your face but speak ill of you behind your back. 17. Our headmaster is meeting the professor, in _____ honor a party will be held tonight.
（四） 名词性从句 名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句 主语从句：位于句首作主语的从句；常用it代替主语从句放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。 表语从句：be / 连系动词+表语从句 宾语从句：及物动词/ 介词 + 宾语从句 ＊可用it作形式宾语，构成：动词(make,feel,find think, consider,believe) + it +宾 语补足语(adj. / n.)+宾语从句 ＊表示好恶的动词（like, enjoy, dislike, hate, appreciate, see to, depend on等）+ it + 宾语从句 ＊ that引导的宾语从句一般不能充当介词的宾语，但可以用in that...和except that... 同位语从句：名词+ 同位语从句。 两个特征：（1）这儿的名词通常是抽象名词 （2）同位语从句说明的是前面名词的内容。 Word has come that you are wanted on the phone. 注意：同位语从句与定语从句的区别。如： The fact that he couldn’t sing made us surprised greatly. 同位语从句 The news that he told us made us surprised greatly. 定语从句
1. 名词性从句中，如缺主语、宾语或表语时，则用what 。注意：what从句常常译作 “。。。的东西”，相当于：sth that…；all that 从句=what从句，如： be grateful to sb for all that / what he has done ＊She ‘s _____ is known as a nosy person ---- she is always dying to know what is going on in others’ lives. A. what B. who C. which ＊The company donated books and computers worth more than $50000 to the children of _____ were evaluated as poor families. A. who B. that C. what D. which 2. 名词性从句中常考：介词+what 引导的宾语从句 ＊After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there. A. which B. how C. what D. having ＊He pointed to ______ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.” A. that B. What C. which D. As 3. 多数情况下，需要按句意寻找合适的连词 A good friend of mine from _____ I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing. The South Pole isn’t _____ people could find a comfortable place to live, for the average winter temperature there is below -40. Scientists study _____ human brains work to make computers. I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ____ he never finishes anything. 4. 在名词性从句中要注意使用陈述句的语序。 “When ______ leave for Japan?” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.” A. they will, will they B. will they, they will C. they will, they will D. will they, will they None knows if _______ that boy, but if _______ him, her parents will be disappointed. A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marries C. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______（是谁）. 5. who/whom与whoever/whomever的区别： who/whom引导的从句侧重的是事情，而whoever/whomever引导的从句侧重的是人， 相当于anyone who / whom...， 如： Who will take the position is under discussion. 谁会担任这个职位（这件事）还在。。。 Whoever takes the position should be responsible for our company. 任何。。。的人应该 Despite the title For Boys Only, this book is sure to be treasured by _______ gets it. A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. no matter who I’ ll give the book to ______ likes it most. I’ ll give the book to ______ I like most. 6. 其他： 正确：Who do you suggest be sent to work there? 错误：Who do you suggest that be sent to work there？ That is because .... 那是因为。。。 That is why .... 那就是为什么。。。 The reason is that ... 原因是因为。。。 Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ____ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
趁热打铁 1. That’s _______ I don’t agree. That’s ____ the problem lies. 2. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know _______ it takes to start a business here. 3. The output this year is twice ______ it was last year/______ of last year. 4. _______ （Whoever/No matter who）breaks the law shall be punished. 5. There is much chance ______ Bill will recover from his injury in time. Chances are ______ Bill will recover from his injury in time. 6. We haven’t settled the problem _____(if/whether) it is necessary for him to study abroad. 7. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______their parents speak at home. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______spoken by their parents at home. 8. Nowadays many parents are trying to either prevent their children from failure, or protect them from the knowledge _____ they have failed 9. I just wonder _____ ______ ______ _______ makes him so excited. 10. ______ is known to all, paper was invented in China. _______is known to all is that paper was invented in China. _______is known to all that paper was invented in China. 11. I doubt ______ they can complete the task ahead of time. I don’t doubt ______ they can complete the task ahead of time. There is some doubt _______ they can complete the task ahead of time. 12. Our town is no longer ______ it used to be. 13. --- Have you finished the book? --- No, I’ve read up to ______(what/where) the children discover the secret cave.
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