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编辑/校审/拓展 | 马金杰 努力到感动自己，奋斗到无能为力。 养成一个好习惯，阅读完文章，点赞点广告 视频来源：YouTube.com 以下内容基于视频内容进行编辑以及拓展
写在前面的话： 医学英语术语的学习从基础学起，如果您还在迷茫，建议阅读小编原创的入门教程。啊，我连最基本的词汇构成都不知道啊，点击这里。如果您一直在寻找较好的词典，可点击这里。你不知道该用什么教材入门，点击这里。很多时候，总是看了又忘，忘了再看，有什么好办法逆转这个呢？点击这里。啊，怎么我总是忘了一些基本的词根词缀，那你就应该点击这里。
主动脉夹层AD 此音频是视频版的音频，可对照文章来收听。 以下中文翻译由笔者翻译，笔者不才，难免存在错误，如有，希望您留言指正，谢谢。 An aortic dissection is where part of the tunica intima (which is the endothelial, or the innermost layer of a blood vessel) of the aorta is ripped off. 主动脉夹层是主动脉内膜撕裂形成的。 （tunica intima是指内膜，血管最里面那层膜。） What happens is a tear in the tunica intima of the aorta forms, and the high-pressured blood flowing through the aorta begins to tunnel between the tunica intima and the muscular tunica media, separating the two layers. This is widely accepted as an unideal situation. 在主动脉内膜撕裂时，高压的血流进入主动脉，开始在内膜和肌性中膜之间形成通道，将内膜与中膜分离。这是一个不理想的情形。
Now as the high-pressured blood continues to shear more and more of the tunica intima off the tunica media, blood starts to pool between the two layers, increasing the outside diameter of the blood vessel. The area where blood collects between the intima and the media is called a false lumen, and the true lumen is the regular lumen of the blood vessel. 随着高压血流不断地将越来越多的内膜撕裂，血液开始在两层膜之间聚集，增加了两层膜之间的血管直径。在内膜与中膜之间，由血液聚集形成的腔隙称为假腔，原来的那个正常的血管腔称为真腔。
Since high pressure is a cause of aortic dissection, it’s no surprise that the aorta is the prime target for this problem. 由于高血压是主动脉夹层的病因之一，主动脉成为主要的攻击目标就不惊讶了。 So what causes aortic dissections? Well, chronic hypertension is the major cause, whether the hypertension is caused by stress or from increased blood plasma volume like in pregnancy. Blood vessel coarctation, which is the narrowing of a blood vessel, also can cause a dissection. 那么，是什么导致主动脉夹层的？ 慢性高血压是主要的病因，不管高血压是由于应激还是在妊娠期血浆容量的增加引起，都可引起主动脉夹层。 血管狭窄也是主动脉夹层的病因之一。 Aortic dissections most often happen in the first 10 cm of the the aorta closest to the heart. In order for an aortic dissection to occur, an underlying condition usually has to exist that weakens the aorta’s wall. Connective tissue disorders like Marfan’s and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome can cause a dissection, as well as decreased blood flow in the vasa vasorum. 主动脉夹层在主动脉最靠近心脏的10cm最容易发生。主动脉夹层的出现，经常会存在潜在的疾病，它能使主动脉壁减弱。结缔组织病，如 Marfan’s and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome可以引起夹层，同样地，在小血管的血流减少也会导致夹层。 Aneurysms can be a cause of aortic dissection as well, and incidentally dissection can also cause aneurysms because again, the dissection weakens the blood vessel wall. 动脉瘤也可能是主动脉夹层的病因之一，而主动脉夹层也可能导致动脉瘤，因为夹层使血管壁被削弱。
In other words, weak walls can lead to outpouching of the blood vessel or a break in the tunica intima, and both of these weaken the walls further. 换言之，被削弱的血管壁可以导致血管外翻或内膜的撕裂，反过来，这两者也可进一步使血管壁被削弱。 Aortic dissections cause a whole wack load of problems too. A lot of complications are related to where the blood in the false lumen flows. The blood could flow back up the aorta to the heart and enter the heart’s pericardial space, filling it with blood and causing pericardial tamponade, a really really bad and potentially fatal situation. 主动脉夹层也可以引起很多问题。血液在假腔里流动，引起可很多并发症。 血液可以回流到主动脉，通向心脏，引起心包填塞，这真的是一个致命的疾病。
The blood flowing through the false lumen could also puncture a hole through the tunica media and tunica externa and bleed into the mediastinum, which would kill you really fast cause that’s a lot of blood leaving the vascular system quickly. 血流通过假腔也可以穿破引起一个孔，通过内膜进入真腔。也可以向纵膈方出血，这可以快速致死，因为大量的血液快速离开血管系统。
The tunneling blood could also puncture a hole in the tunica intima and return into the true lumen which isn’t great but hey all things considered, it could be worse. 假腔里的血液也可以在内膜穿破一个孔，进入真腔，这是一个不好的情况，综合所有情况，这可能更糟。 Yet another possibility is the blood could continue to tunnel between the tunica intima and the tunica media until it reaches another artery that branches off the aorta, like the renal arteries or the subclavian arteries. 然而，还有一个可能，血液可以一直在假腔里流动，直到到达主动脉的另一个动脉分支才停止，像肾动脉或锁骨下动脉。 The blood in the false lumen can put pressure on these branching arteries decreasing blood flow to the kidneys and arms, causing a whole new mess to deal with. 在假腔的血液可压迫这些动脉分支，导致通向肾脏和手臂的血流减少，引起一个全新的问题来处理。
And there you have it. That’s how aortic dissections happen! 这，你就患有主动脉夹层了，这就是主动脉夹层发生的原理。  在人民卫生出版社第八版内科学中： 疼痛是本病最主要和最常见的表现。约90%患者以突发前胸或胸背部持续性、撕裂样或刀割样剧痛引起的。
本文仅对视频内容进行中文翻译以及进行稍延伸，更多详情请咨询医生或查看教科书。 参考资料： 人民卫生出版社第八版内科学，主编：葛均波，徐永健 |
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来自： jessey_xao > 《医疗相关》
