1. 句子结构
疑问句通常包含一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句四种形式。其中,反意疑问句的时态与人称比较复杂,在中考中也容易设置陷阱,今天我们就来总结一下反意疑问句。 1. 句子结构 陈述句+附加疑问部分 其中,附加疑问部分:be动词/助动词/情态动词+陈述句主语对应的代词 2. 语法原则 “前肯后否,前否后肯”(人称和时态前后保持一致) 如: 3. 九大常考特殊用法 (1)当陈述句中出现no, nobody, never, none, neither等表否定含义的词时,附加疑问部分用肯定形式。如: ◆ There is no rice in the bowl, is there? (2)当陈述句中出现few, little, hardly, seldom等表示否定意义的词时,附加疑问部分用肯定形式。如: ◆ There is little rice in the bowl, is there? (3)当陈述句是There be句型的时候,附加疑问句仍然用“there”。如: ◆ There is a cat in the tree, isn't there? (4)当陈述句为“I'm”句型时,附加疑问部分用“aren't I”。如: ◆ I am your teacher now, aren't I? (5)肯定祈使句的附加疑问部分用“will you”或“won't you”;否定祈使句的附加疑问部分只用“will you”。如: ◆ Open the window, will you/won't you? ◆ Don't go out, will you? (6)以Let's开头的祈使句,其附加疑问部分用“shall we”;以Let us/sb.开头的祈使句,其附加疑问部分用“will you”。如: ◆ Let's go and play basketball, shall we? ◆ Let us have a rest, will you? (7)当陈述句的主语是everything, something, anything, nothing表物的不定代词时,附加疑问部分主语用“it”。如: ◆ Nothing is wrong with the machine, is it? (8)当陈述句的主语是everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, no one, nobody表人的不定代词时,附加疑问部分主语用“they”。如: ◆ Everybody knows it, don't they? (9)当陈述句中含“I think/believe/suppose/...”等结构时,附加疑问句须与从句的主、谓保持一致。(注:主句的主语必须是第一人称)。 ◆ I don't think he will come, will he? 4. 反意疑问句的问答 对反意疑问句的回答,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes;事实是否定的,就用no。如: —You're not good at biology, are you? —Yes, I am. —Tim didn't go to school yesterday, did he? —Yes, he did, though he caught a cold. 注意:陈述句部分是否定结构、附加疑问部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语意思正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。 5. 解题步骤 (1)找动词 ① 如果句中有助动词、情态动词、be动词,附加疑问部分也相应的用助动词、情态动词、be动词。如: ◆ He is a student, isn't he? ② 如果句中没有助动词、情态动词、be动词,只有实义动词时,就要借助助动词。如: ◆ She often gets up at 6:30 every morning, doesn't she? (2)判断附加疑问部分是肯定还是否定,采用“前肯后否,前否后肯”的原则。如: The students have planted many trees, haven't they? (3)附加疑问句部分主语要用人称代词主格。如: The boy can't swim, can he? (内容由万唯教育原创编辑) ★ 本期思考环节: (1)反意疑问句的语法原则你还记得吗? (2)反意疑问句的问答部分究竟是肯定还是否定,是考试中经常会出现的陷阱题,你弄懂了吗? |
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