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Shuang yan Guan Zhu 【簡述】 雕母錢又稱祖錢，雕得質料有銅、鉛、象牙、木和石等，清雕母以銅為主，存世比較多，象牙雕的有咸豐和光緒錢，鉛的有光緒雕母。最近在中國錢幣又發現有大元國寶鉛質雕母樣錢，見圖一(楊成麒，中國錢幣，一九八三年，創刊號)。又有明嘉靖通寶當十大錢，見圖二(張旭華，中國錢幣，一九八四年，第三期)。以上元代「大元國寶」直徑是四點六厘米，重五十三點三公克。「嘉靖通寶」當十銅雕母錢，質為黃銅，色澤金黃，刻工極精，錢重二十三點六克，直徑四點五厘米，厚零點二厘米。張旭華先生又說:「現在能見到的早至明代『萬歷通寶』和『崇禎通寶』雕母小平錢，清代有順治雕母和康熙雕母等，為數極少」。楊成麒先生又說：「明代只有萬歷、天啟、崇禎等數品」。未知他們的資料是從哪裡尋到的。 〈圖二〉 張旭華先生又作下面的討論:「母錢有兩種，即雕母和鑄母。所謂雕母，就是用銅塊、錫塊或牙、木、蠟塊，由刻工在上面雕刻出文字和錢樣來，這是最原始的錢樣，俗稱祖錢或雕母錢。據史書記載在六朝後期開始用母錢法鑄錢，到唐初用母錢翻砂法鑄錢技術已經很成熟……….」。 【背景】 雖然是生於中國，但年幼已離鄉背井，在海外奔波已五十載。集錢的時間亦已有四十多年，這四十多年來，認識古錢朋友，有很多，如台灣有蔡養吾、李振興、陳吉茂，在星加坡有林文虎，在中國有馬定祥先生和馬傳德先生，在美國有丹尼爾‧陳。現在這些朋友，有些已飛黃騰達，有些不幸已成古人，真是有「雕錢美貌應猶在，只是朱顏改」的感嘆。 四十多年來在美國收集精美的古錢，已經是難事。想收集一枚雕母，更是難上加難，在夢想中，在期望中，足足等了十多年。在一九八零年左右，我的至友丹尼爾‧陳在偶然的機會收集到兩枚雕母(乾隆通寶和道光通寶)和十數枚母錢(包括嘉慶、道光、咸豐各朝母錢)。當時陳先生割愛，相讓了相讓了兩枚道光母錢和一枚咸豐母錢。這是我收集雕母和母錢的開端。我第一次能收集雕母是十多年前的事，在一個偶然的機會，美國藏家曾澤祿醫師和我都得到數枚光緒通寶。從此以後，我收藏雕母的成績，越來越顯著。一九八四年香港古錢拍賣(MONEYCO.)我得到一枚咸豐當十，一九九零年，我至友丹尼爾‧陳不幸病逝，他遺言要將他的古錢藏品全部拍賣，這樣世界古錢泉友，可以同樣公平的投標爭取他的藏品。陳先生的全部古錢藏品在一九九一年六月，美國長堤錢幣展覽會拍品那天，參加拍賣的人仕來自世界各地，競爭劇烈，我很高興，陳氏的兩枚雕母，終於歸屬於我。十年的志願，雖達到目的，但每見這兩枚雕母，還是懷念故友，暗然流淚。亦有「十年人事九更變，十年滄海變桑田」之感。(拓本一和圖片一)
從此奠定了我集凋母的基礎。 以下數枚亦是我的藏品: 【Introduction】 Diaomu was also called ancestor money. It was made of copper,lead, ivory, wood and stone etc. Diaomu in Qing Dynasty was mainlymade of copper, and many still exist today, money made of ivoryincluded xianfeng and guangxu mney, while that carved from leadincluded guangxu Diaomu. Recently in China, lead dayuan guobaodiaomu sample money was discovered (Yang Chengqi, China money,1983, the first issue) (Fig.1). Besides, there were jiajing tongbaoequivalent to ten palace coins of Ming Dynasty (Zhang Xuhua, ChinaMoney, 1984, Issue 3)(Fig 2). The “dayuan tongbao” of Yuan Dynastymentioned above were 4.6 cm in diameter, and weighted 53.3g.“Jiajing tongbao” equivalent to ten copper diaomu, was made ofbrass, golden in color and refined in craftsmanship. It weighted23.6g, was 4.5cm in diameter and 0.2cm thick. It was also said byMr. Zhang Xuhua that “What exists today is just a few, including“wanly tongbao” and “chongzhen tongbao” of Ming Dynasty and Shunzhidiaomu and tin Kangxi diaomu in Qing Dynasty”. And Mr. Yang Chengqisaid that “There were only a few in wanli, tianqi and chongzhenperiods”. It is unknown where they got the information. 〈Figure 1〉 〈Figure 2〉 Then, Mr. Zhang Xuhua made the following conclusion:”there weretwo kinds of mother money, diaomu and zhumu. Diaomu was made out ofa piece of copper, tin, wood or wax with characters and samplescarved in it by carvers with blades. This is the earliest samplemoney, commonly called ancestor money or diaomu 【Background】 Although born in China, I left home in childhood and have beenliving overseas for fifty years. I have been collecting money formore than forty years and got to know many friends with the sameinterests, like Cai Yangwu, Li Zhenxing, Chen Jimao in Taiwan, LinWenhu in Singapore, Ma Dingxiang and Ma Fude in the Mainland andDaniel Chen in the US. Among those friends, some were verysuccessful in their careers, some has, unfortunately passed away.It is truly that “Beautiful diaomu is still there, but people arenot”. During these forty years, collecting delicate ancient money hasbeen difficult still, it was even more to collect diaomu. I havebeen waiting for more than a decade in my dreams and wishes. Aboutthe year 1980, my close friend, Daniel Chen collected two diaomu(Qianlong tongbao and daoguang tongbao)
This lays the foundation for my collection of diaomu. The following pieces are also belong to my collection |
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