初中英语句子成分练习题及答案

 

在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 

   主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： Lucy is a beautiful nurse. He reads newspapers every day. Smoking is harmful to the health. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. What we should do is not yet decided. 

   谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样” 主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. We study hard. We dont finish reading the book. He can speak English. 

   宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now. She saysshe is ill. We often help him. He likes to play basketball. We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。 

   说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 

   说明2： 放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show，bring, pass, buy 等。如：Our teacher tells us a story. The sun gives us light. 

   间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后 间接宾语前加“to”的有： give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise, refuse等。 

   间接宾语加“for”的有： make, buy, do, get, play, order, sing, pay等 I give him a book. 改成： He passes me the book. 改成： He writes me a letter. 改成： He will buy me some books. 改成： She is making me a cake. 改成： 

   宾语补足语 在宾语后面宾语补足语介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。 如：They make her happy. I see her dance. Well help you to make the Olympics a success. Please let him in. We heard her singing a song. 

   表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 

   如：I am a teacher. He is always happy. They are on the playground now. It gets cold. Be动词 系动词 表保持 表改变 感官动词，seem/look，taste，smell） 如：It sounds interesting. We should all remain careful. Remain 

   定语 定语是用来修饰名词或代词词或短语等。 

   如：The black bike is mine. Whats your name?