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「高考英语」英语语法——三种非谓语动词的重要考点总结

 当以读书通世事 2018-04-23

「高考英语」英语语法——三种非谓语动词的重要考点总结

一.非谓语动词作状语

不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较

1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语

1)作目的状语:有三种形式,可互换:to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首)

2)作原因状语:不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如:happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed… 不定式不放在句首。

3) 作结果状语: 不定式作结果状语通常表意外的结果。

e.g. I opened the door to find the room empty. 我打开门,结果发现房间是空的。

①. 动词不定式前可以加上only, 更加强调'意外,想不到'。还可加never, 表示

'没有再…

②. 动词不定式作结果状语的其他几种方式: so + adj. / adv. + as to, such + n. + as to,

too…to , enough to等。

2、分词 (现在分词、过去分词)可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语,就不作目的状语。注:表示时间、条件或让步的分词,有时可带上连词(if, unless, when, while, once(一旦) though, although)

即:寻找句子主语 琢磨主语与非谓语动词的关系,主动doing, 被动done ,先于谓语动词用having done/having been done

非谓语动词中两种结果状语的区别:

①to do 作结果状语表出乎意料

②doing 作结果状语表顺其自然

They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.

It rained heavily, causing severe flooding.

二、非谓语动词作定语

非谓语动词做定语有以下几种形式;

doing 1、作动名词讲时做定语表示用途。比如、living room, swimming pool.

2、作现在分词讲时,所修饰名词或代词与其是一种主谓(主动)关系,有时还表进行。如; falling leaves

done(过去分词)表示被动(与所修饰的词是动宾关系)或完成。如;fallen leaves

being done现在分词的被动结构,表是正在被……只做后置定语,即放在所修饰名词之后 。如;the bridge being built

to do (to be done)动词不定式做定语常表示将来,有主动与被动两种形式。

1、 所修饰的词与不定式动作是一种被动关系这时注意选择是用to do ,还是to be done.

1、I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.

2、His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.

2、所修饰的词与不定式是是一种主谓(主动)关系,这些词前面常常有 the first ,the second, the last, the next, the only等修饰。

3.与所修饰的词一种同位关系,这些词通常是ability, way, chance, right, reason, need, wish等。the way to learn English

注意:1、非谓语动词做定语的时,有时可以与定语从句进行转换。

3.任何非谓语动词的否定是直接在前面加not.

4.单个的分词作定语放在所修饰的词之前,分词短语作定语,放在所修饰的词之后。动词不定式只能做后置定语。

5.不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成,无被动

非谓语动词可做定语的三种被动式:

①done(完成过的被动)

His first book published last month is based on a true story.

②being done(正在进行的被动)

His first book being published now is based on a true story.

③to be done(将要发生的被动)

His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.

三.非谓语动词作宾补

考点一 感官动词 see/ watch /observe/look at/hear/listen to/notice等

1. 宾语与补语之间是主动关系

See sb do sth(动作全过程)

See sb doing sth (动作正在进行)

2.被动关系

See sth done (被动完成)

See sth being done(被动进行)

考点二 let的复合结构 :

1 Let + 宾语+ do 让...做...

2 Let + 宾语+ be + done 让...被...

考点三 leave 的复合结构 ,意为 :使。。。处于某种状态

1 leave sb doing sth 让某人一直...

(宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主动关系,表示动作正在进行)

It's wrong of you to leave the machine running

2 leave sb to do sth 留下某人去做某事

(宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主动关系,不定式动作表将来)

He left , leaving me to do all the work .

3 leave sth to be done 留下某事要做

(宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的被动关系,不定式表将来被动)

We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving our problems to be settled .

4 leave sth undone 留下某事未作 (

宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的被动关系,

表示被动和完成。常见的宾补动词有 undone/unfinished/unsettled/untouched等)

考点四 have / get '使、让、叫

1 have/get sth done 使/让某事由别人做(叫/让某人做某事)

2 have sb do sth = get sb to do sth 使/让某人去做某事

3 have sb/sth doing 使...持续地...= keep sb /sth doing .

4 get sb/sth doing 使某人/某物开始。。

考点五 make +宾语+do /done

考点六 下列动词和动词词组常用不定式做宾补,

即'动词/动词词组+sb +to do sth '

advise/allow/ask/beg/cause/encourage/expect/

forbid/force/get/intend/invite/order/want/ warn

其它 keep sb doing/keep sth done

with +宾语+补语(doing/done/to do)

死记短语

be addicted to…沉迷于……

be absorbed in…全神贯注于……

be aimed at…旨在/意图……

be armed with…有……装备

be buried in…埋葬在……

be based on/upon…以 ……为基础

be burdened with…担负着……

be crowded with…挤满了……

be covered with/by…覆盖着……

be coated with…涂抹了……

be combined with…与……联合

be compared with…与……相比较

be caught in…陷入……

be lost in…沉迷于……

be concerned about…关心……

be dressed in…穿着……

be devoted to…专心致志于……

be divided into…分成(几份/几组)

be designed/meant/intended for…专为……而设计

be engaged in…忙于……

be engaged to sb.与某人订婚

be fixed on…专注于 ……

be faced with…面临着……

be filled with…装满了……

be greeted with…受到了……问候

be grown up 已经长大了

be hidden in…躲在……

be linked to…与……有关

be connected with…与……相连/有关

be made of/from/up of 由……制成/由……组成

be known as/for/to…以……著称/因……著名

be recovered from…从……中康复

be loaded with…载有……

be located in/on/at…位于……

be married (to sb.)与某人结婚

be paved with…铺着……

be replaced with…更换为……

be related to/with…与……有关

be separated from…与……隔开

be shouldered with…肩负着……

be stationed in…驻扎在……

be surrounded with/by…四周环绕着……

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