致中考考生的一封信 Tinso君将在接下来一个月内倾囊奉献, 从词汇、短语/句型、语法着手, 为各位考生奉上满满干货。 语法篇 中考专项小组以近五年中考真题和知名模拟预测试卷为语料库,通过软件智能分析,提炼出中考高频语法(如下图)。 在复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子叫做宾语从句。如: I'm glad that you can come for dinner. 我很高兴你能来吃晚餐。 常见的宾语从句引导词: that、if、whether、what、who、where、why和how。 三种类型的宾语从句 (1) that在宾语从句中只起连接作用,并不作句子成分,其本身也没有实际意义,在口语或非正式文体中常常省略。如: She told me (that) she could finish it herself. 她跟我说她可以自己完成。 (2) that引导的宾语从句,其主句的谓语动词多为:know、think、believe、hope、mean;也可用于主句形容词之后,如:certain、sure、glad、afraid、sorry等。如: He thinks that he can go swimming tomorrow. 他认为他明天能去游泳。 I am glad that you can come for dinner. 我很高兴你能来吃晚餐。 (1) if或whether可引导宾语从句,此时从句部分的语义相当于一个一般疑问句。如: I want to know if / whether he is our new teacher. 我想知道他是不是我们的新老师。 (2) 连词if和whether意为“是否”,在从句中不充当句子成分,在口语中多用if。如: Tom wonders if / whether his grandpa will come next week. 汤姆想知道他的爷爷是否下周过来。 一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether: ① 在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided. ② 在介词后:It depends on whether it is going to rain. ③ 与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not. (1)连接代词和连接副词可引导宾语从句,此时从句部分的语义相当于一个特殊疑问句。如: We do not know whose pencil this is. 我们不知道这支铅笔是谁的。 (2) 常见的连接代词有:what、who、whom、whose、which; 常见的连接副词有:when、where、why、how等。 (3)连接代词和连接副词有词义,并且在从句中充当句子成分。不可以省略。如: Can you tell us what they are doing?你能告诉我们他们在做什么吗? (what在从句中作宾语,意思是“什么”) (4) 连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句含有疑问语气,但要用陈述句语序。即主语在前、谓语在后。如: Can you guess whom/who my father is talking with?(√) Can you guess whom/who is my father talking with?(×) Can you tell us what they are doing?(√) Can you tell us what are they doing?(×) 宾语从句的简化 (1) 当主句的谓语动词是hope、decide、wish、agree等时,其后接宾语从句,并且从句主语与主句主语一致时,可以简化成动词不定式结构。如: Wei Hua hopes that she will be back soon. 魏华希望尽快回家。 →Wei Hua hopes to be back soon. (2) 当know、learn、remember、forget等动词后接宾语从句,并且从句主语与主句主语一致时,可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。如: I don't know what I should say. 我不知道该说些什么。 →I don't know what to say. (3) 当tell、learn、show、teach等动词后接宾语从句,并且从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致时,可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。 Could you tell me how I can get there?(句子中的me和I指的是同一个人) →Could you tell me how to get there? 你能告诉我怎样去那儿吗? 【中考回放】 例1: — Are you going camping this afternoon? — A typhoon is coming. I'm not sure ________ the road to the mountains will be closed.(2016年·南京) A. which B. what C. whether D. why 【考点剖析】 答案:C。空格处句子为宾语从句,此处需填引导词。这里句意是“我不确定通往山上的路是不是封了。”,表示“是否”要用whether引导。答案选C。 例2: — I'm going to give a talk on the Dragon Boat Festival to the exchange students. — Great! But don't forget to tell them ________.(2015年·常州) A. what should they eat at the festival B. why people enjoy the full moon C. what kind of race is often held D. how do people celebrate it 【考点剖析】 答案:C。空格处作tell的宾语,是宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序,排除A、D。B项是关于中秋节的,与题意(端午节)不符。答案选C。 例3: I don't care how you do the job. I only care ________ it can be done. Just give me a date!(2017年·无锡) A. where B. when C. what D. why 【考点剖析】 答案:B。空格处句子作care的宾语,是宾语从句,此处应填引导词。根据后一句句意“给我个时间就行!”可知这里指“我不在乎你怎么做,我只在乎你什么时候做好”,引导词应填when。答案选B |
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