瑜伽关于三个身体五个层面 The
Three Bodies and Five Sheaths
三个身体及五个层面
哈他瑜伽体系认为灵魂弥漫在三个主要的身体上。这三个身体是肉身，灵魂体和因果体。
物质的身体是三个身体的最外层表现。是我们实际的肉身。由五个元素组成：地，水，火，风和空。我们的肉身经历出生、成长、变化、衰老和死亡的过程。
灵魂身体是我们经历快乐和痛苦感觉，尽管是肉身在刺激这些感觉。也是我们经历辨别，决定（智慧层），思考，疑惑，愤怒，欲望，快感，消沉，错觉（心理层），饥饿，干渴，热和冷（生命力层）的地方。
灵魂体由19个元素组成
五个行动器官或行动感官：
脚-用于行走；手-为了灵巧；直肠-用于排泄；生殖器-用于繁殖；嘴-用于讲话
五个知识器官或认知器官：
耳朵；眼睛；鼻子；舌头；皮肤
五个生命力：
呼吸；排除；消化；吞咽。肉身和灵身区分开；血液循环（细微生命之气）
五个细微生命力：
打喷；睁眼，视觉；流鼻涕，饥饿，干渴；打呵欠；弥漫整个肉身，直至死亡才离开身体。
以及其它四个“内在工具”
心；智力；潜意识；自我
因果身体是是三个身体最微细的，据说是因果报应所在地。正是因果体让我们经历纯粹的快乐和极乐。
这三个身体嵌五个身体层中，根据瑜伽哲学，必须各个超越，才能不受身体的束缚，使得人能够知道并认识真正的自我。
身体的五个层
物质层，也即是“食物层”。由肉身上的元素组成，由食物组成，死亡后，回到食物的循环中。通过体式练习和适当的饮食能够克服。
生命力层：灵性身体的部分，也即生命力层。由五个生命力和五个行为器官组成。经历饥饿，干渴，热和冷。通过练习呼吸控制法能够克服。
心理层：灵性身体的部分，即是心理层，由知识层组成。经历思考，欲望，疑惑，愤怒，快感，消沉，错觉，通过练习制戒，遵行和无私的服务能够克服。
智力层：灵性身体部分，及智力层。由智慧和自我组成，也同五个知识器官一起作用。通过研究经文，正确的调查和冥想能够克服。
极乐层：是因果身体的部分，即极乐层。经历狂喜，快乐，平静和和平的阶段，通过三摩地能达到。
The Three Bodies and The Five
Sheaths
Hatha yoga system proposes that there
are three major bodies through which the soul permeates. These
three bodies are physical, astral and causal.
The Physical Body is the outermost
manifestation of the three bodies. It is our actual physical body,
which is composed of five elements: earth, water, fire, air and
ether. In the physical body we experience birth, growth, change,
decay and death.
The Astral Body is where we actually
experience the feelings of pleasure and pain even if their stimulus
occurs at the physical body. It is also where we experience
discrimination, decisions (intellectual sheath), thinking,
doubting, anger, lust, exhilaration, depression and delusion
(mental sheath), hunger, thirst, heat and cold (vital sheath).
The astral body consists of 19
elements:
The five organs of action or karma
indriyas:
Pada (feet) — for locomotion
Pani (hands) — for dexterity
Payu (rectum) — for excretion
Upastha (genitals) — for
reproduction
Vak (mouth) — for speech
The five organs of knowledge or
jnana indriyas:
Shotra — ears
Chakshu — eyes
Grahna — nose
Jivha — tongue
Tvak — skin
The five pranas:
prana: respiration
apana: elimination
samana: digestion
udana: deglutition. Separates physical
from astral body.
Vyana: circulation of blood (minor
pranas)
The five sub-pranas:
naga vayu: belching.
Kurma vayu: opens eyelids, vision.
krikkara vayu:sneezing, hunger,
thirtst
devadatha vayu: yawning
dhanan jaya vayu: pervades physical
body and doesn’t leave it until death.
and the four elements of the “inner
instrument”:
manas –mind
buddhi –intellect
chitta –subconscious
ahamkara -ego
The Causal Body is the subtlest of the
three bodies and is said to be where karmic imprints are left. It
is in the causal body that we experience pure joy and bliss.
The three bodies are imbedded in five
sheaths, which, according to yogic philosophy, must be transcended
individually in order to be free from the bondage of identifying
with the bodies and allow one to come to know and identify with the
true self.
The 5 sheaths are:
Annamaya Kosha: Part of the
physical body. It is known as the “food sheath”. Composed of
elements of the physical world. Made from food and will go back
into the cycle of food upon death. It is overcome through asanas
and proper diet.
Pranayama Kosha: Part of the
astral body. Known as the vital sheath. Composed of the 5 pranas
and the 5 organs of action. It experiences hunger, thirst heat and
cold. It is overcome through practices of pranayams.
Manomaya Kosha: Part of the
astral body. Known as the mental sheath. Composed of the organs of
knowledge, manas and chitta. It experiences thinking, lust,
doubting, anger, exhilaration, depression and delusion. it is
overcome by practicing yamas, niyamas and selfless service.
Vijnanamaya Kosha: Part of the
astral body. Known as the intellectual sheath. Composed of buddhi
and Ahamkara (intellect and ego) and also works with the 5 organs
of knowledge. It is overcome by the study of scriptures, right
inquiry and meditation.
Anandamaya Kosha: Part of the
causal body. Known as the bliss sheath. It experiences bliss, joy,
calmness and peace and it is reach by Samadhi.
（By Weyoga
Ashish
转载▼
