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高清3D动画演示吸烟与COPD的关系

 红牡丹gu1btzpv 2018-05-28

单词学习

Bronchial/ˈbrɒŋkiəl/adj.支气管的

Alveoli/ælˈvi:əlaɪ/n.小孔,肺泡( alveolus的名词复数 );气泡,肺泡类,齿槽突起

Trachea/trəˈki:ə/n.气管,导管,螺旋纹管

Cilia/'sɪlɪə/n.睫,纤毛;睫毛,纤毛( cilium的名词复数 )

Mucus/ˈmju:kəs/n.粘液;(动植物的)黏液

Emphysema/ˌemfɪˈsi:mə/n.气肿,肺气肿


短语学习

Bronchial tubes n.支气管( bronchial tube的名词复数 );[医]小支气管

be vulnerable to/bi: ˈvʌlnərəbl tu:/易受…的伤害

Carbon dioxide/ˈkɑ:bən daɪˈɔksaɪd/n.二氧化碳

Chronic bronchitis/ˈkrɔnik brɔnˈkaɪtɪs/慢性支气管炎


语句学习

Air then moves into thousands of tiny alveoli, where oxygen from the air moves into your bloodstream and the waste product carbon dioxide moves out of your bloodstream.然后进入成千上万个小肺泡中,在这里,空气中的氧气进入血液,血流中废弃的二氧化碳被排出。

where的用法:连接词where主要在定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句这三大从句中的使用。 

where引导定语从句:(1)where作为关系副词引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词为地点的名词或代词,同时,where代替先行词,在定语从句中作地点状语。 注:a.关系副词where在意义上常用“介词 + 关系代词(which)”代替, 即:where = in / at / on... + which。b.where引导定语从句,所修饰的先行词不仅仅是明显的表示地点的名词或代词,也可以是表示模糊化或抽象化的地点名词,同时,where在定语从句中作地点状语。c.在定语从句中,where有时还可以作from的宾语,此时where指代的是主句中某个副词或介词短语;而from which中的which指代的主句中的名词或代词。d.一般而言,定语从句要紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面,但是有时候为了某种需要,定语从句和先行词会分开,中间要加入其他成分,此时关键是要找准先行词。

where引导地点状语从句 :where作为从属连词引导的是地点状语从句,在从句中作地点状语,意为“在……地方”、“到……地方”、“……的地方”。 注:如果where引导的地点状语从句表示的是条件、让步或抽象意义时,地点状语从句须要放在主句之前。

where引导名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句):where作为连接副词引导的是名词性从句,在从句中作地点状语,意为“哪里”、“什么地方”。


While you are sleeping, some of the cilia recover and start pushing more pollutants and mucus out of your lungs. 正常睡眠时,某些纤毛会恢复正常,并开始将更多地污染物和粘液推出肺。(while用作从属连词,作“当……时候”解,相当于during the time)


When you wake up, your body attempts to expel this material by coughing repeatedly, a condition known as smoker’s cough. 醒来时,机体会尝试通过反复咳嗽(吸烟者咳嗽)排出这些物质。(作为从属连词,引导状语从句,表示时间,意为“当……时;在……的时候”。注:a.在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来时;当需要表达将来完成的意义时,必须使用现在完成时来代替。b.表示过去发生的事情,在when引导的时间状语从句中,动作发生在先的用过去完成时,在后的用过去时。)


全文练习

Smoking damages two main parts of your lungs: your airways, also called bronchial tubes, and small air sacs, called alveoli. With each breath, air travels down your windpipe, called the trachea, and enters your lungs through your bronchial tubes. Air then moves into thousands of tiny alveoli, where oxygen from the air moves into your bloodstream and the waste product carbon dioxide moves out of your bloodstream. Tiny hair-like projections, called cilia, line your bronchial tubes and sweep harmful substances out of your lungs. 

吸烟会损害肺的两个主要部分:呼吸道(也称支气管)和小气囊(肺泡)。伴随每一次呼吸,空气沿着气管移动,穿过支气管进入肺。然后进入成千上万个小肺泡中,在这里,空气中的氧气进入血液,血流中废弃的二氧化碳被排出。微小的毛发状凸起(纤毛)在支气管内排列成行,并将有害物质清扫出肺。


Cigarette smoke irritates the lining of your bronchial tubes, causing them to swell and make mucus. Cigarette smoke also slows the movement of your cilia, causing some of the smoke and mucus to stay in your lungs. While you are sleeping, some of the cilia recover and start pushing more pollutants and mucus out of your lungs. When you wake up, your body attempts to expel this material by coughing repeatedly, a condition known as smoker’s cough. Over time, chronic bronchitis develops. As your cilia stop working, your airways become clogged with scars and mucus, and breathing becomes difficult. Your lungs are now more vulnerable to further disease. 

香烟烟雾会刺激支气管内壁,导致其肿胀并产生粘液。香烟烟雾也会减缓纤毛运动,这样一些烟雾和粘液会遗留在肺内。正常睡眠时,某些纤毛会恢复正常,并开始将更多地污染物和粘液推出肺。醒来时,机体会尝试通过反复咳嗽(吸烟者咳嗽)排出这些物质。随着时间的推移,吸烟者会发展为慢性支气管炎。随着纤毛停止工作,气道会被疤痕和粘液堵塞,呼吸变得困难。此时,肺更容易发生进一步病变。


Cigarette smoke also damages your alveoli, making it harder for oxygen and carbon dioxide to exchange with your blood. Over time, so little oxygen can reach your blood that you may develop emphysema, a condition in which you must gasp for every breath and wear an oxygen tube under your nose in order to breathe. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are collectively called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD. COPD is a gradual loss of the ability to breathe for which there is no cure.

香烟烟雾也会损害肺泡,这样氧和二氧化碳将难以在血液中交换。日积月累,到达血液的氧气会很少,吸烟者可能会发展为肺气肿,这样每次呼吸时将必须佩带氧气管。慢性支气管炎和肺气肿统称为慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)。由于无法治愈,COPD会使吸烟者呼吸能力逐渐丧失。

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