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Michael Greger 医生是畅销书《How Not to Die》作者，中文译本：繁体版书名为《食疗圣经》。简体版书名为《救命》，将于今年7月19日发售，详情见文末。 请至 “蔬食益生” 主菜单 ===》“分类导航”===》“分类目录” 查看往期文章。 手机和蓝牙辐射对神经功能的影响 The Effects of Cell Phones and Bluetooth on Nerve Function
摘要：手机和蓝牙辐射对内耳有什么影响？ What impact might cell phone and Bluetooth radiation have on the inner ear?
鉴于目前这个时代手机用户数量巨大，即使是小的、简单的不利健康的问题也会产生重大影响。 “Given the huge number of cell phone users these days, even small simple, adverse health effects could have major implications.”
主要担心的是手机使用时通常靠近头部，导致大脑长时间暴露于受手机辐射中。 “The major concern…is that cell phones are usually held close to the head, resulting in significant exposure to the brain.”
但在头部侧面的其它的组织呢，那里通常是手机放置的地方，那么对你的内耳有何影响？ But, what “other tissues are on the side of the head where the phone is usually placed”? Like, how about your inner ear?
我的意思是，这是最频繁和最直接暴露于手机辐射的器官。那么，会否可能对听力产生不利影响呢？ I mean, that’s the organ most frequently and directly exposed to cell phone radiation. So, what about possible adverse effects on hearing?
事实上，耳道可能会提供一条天然的通道，使得手机发出的信号可以进入头骨的更深处。 In fact, the ear canal may provide “a natural route” by which emissions can go deeper into your skull.
好。那么，第一个自然要问的问题可能是：长期使用手机的人听力会变差吗？ Okay. Well, a first natural question to ask might be: do long-term cell phone users have worse hearing?
显然是这样的。研究发现手机用户有测量得出的听力损失，尽管不足以明显察觉到，这表明长期使用手机可能会损害内耳。 Apparently so; cell phone “users were found to have detectable hearing loss,” though not enough to be noticeable, suggesting long-term cell phone use might damage the inner ear.
造成的损伤是双侧的，可测量出双耳的听力损伤，这可能与辐射的影响更加一致，而不只是单侧耳朵暴露在大噪音下造成的后果。 “The damage done was bilateral,” detectable in both ears, which may be more consistent with a radiation effect than just a constant loud-noise-in-one-ear effect. 这是把手机用户与完全不使用手机的用户作比较。 Now, this was comparing users to complete non-users. 如果是比较较多使用手机与较少使用手机的用户，似乎与使用量多少有相应影响，意为每天使用手机的时间越长，达到一天使用手机4或5个小时，听力损失越多，能听到的声音阈值越高（阈值是耳朵可听到的最低听力测试音），清楚地表明，研究人员总结道：使用手机造成听觉功能的危害。 If you compare heavy to light users, there appears to be a dose response, meaning the longer the duration of daily cellphone use, up to four or five hours a day, the more the hearing loss, the higher the sound threshold before they could hear the hearing test tone — clearly revealing, the researchers concluded, “the hazardous effects of mobile phone use on auditory function.”
基于这项研究，建议谨慎使用手机，因为在非手机用户以及每天只用10到20分钟的手机用户之间似乎没有差别。 “Based on the study,” they recommend that cell phones be used “judiciously,” as there does not seem to be any difference between non-users and those that just used it 10 to 20 minutes a day。
但是，一天使用两个小时手机确实显示与一定量的听力损失相关，归咎于手机产生的电磁场辐射。 However, two hours a day did appear to be associated with a certain amount of hearing loss, blamed on the exposure to the electromagnetic fields generated by the phones.
但要做出这样的声明，不能只使用这些观察性研究；需要对它进行测试。 But, to make a claim like that, you can’t just use observational studies like these; you need to put it to the test. 为了查看手机信号是否会影响听觉神经，期间，他们直接在脑部手术进行中将神经直接暴露于悬挂在其正上方的手机五分钟，就看到一个急剧恶化的神经脉冲，因此决定尽早停止实验以避免可能的永久性损伤。 To see if cell phone signals could affect the auditory nerve at all, period, they directly exposed the nerve to a cellphone hovering right over it in the middle of brain surgery for five minutes, and saw a dramatic deterioration of the nerve impulses — so much so, they decided to stop the experiment early, so as “to avoid possible permanent damage.”
明显地，这是非常不自然的情况，这显然远不能模拟真实的电磁场辐射情况，真实的情况是听觉神经有皮肤，骨头，血液和大脑等包围。 So, obviously, this is a very unnatural situation. “Clearly far from reproducing EMF exposure,” where you have things like skin, bone, blood, and brain in the way.
但它确实表明手机辐射足够强大到至少可能影响听觉神经功能的程度。 But, it does show that cell phone emissions are powerful enough to at least potentially affect nerve function.
好。但是如果有手机对听力影响的介入研究呢（即听觉神经被头骨等包围着的情况下）？ Okay. But, how about an interventional study on the effects of cell phones on hearing with your skull actually on?
有史以来的第一次研究结果是这样的，听觉神经暴露于手机辐射10分钟没有影响。 The “first study” ever published, and 10 minutes of cell phone exposure had: “no effect.” 好。到现在为止还挺好。那么时间超过10分钟会如何呢？ Okay. So far, so good. What about longer than 10 minutes?
15、20或30分钟也没有影响。真是松了一口气。 No effect at 15, 20, or 30 minutes, either. That’s a relief.
那么60分钟呢？ What about 60?
60分钟似乎确实对特定频率的听力阈值有直接影响。再强调一下，还没有到人会觉察到的程度，但足以在这些听力测试中检测到。 60 minutes did appear to have an immediate impact on hearing threshold levels at specific frequencies. Again, not to the extent someone would notice, but enough to be picked up on these hearing tests.
如果戴蓝牙耳机情况又如何呢？蓝牙辐射是否会影响听力呢？ What if you wear a Bluetooth headset? Does Bluetooth radiation affect hearing?
没有影响 … 对你的宠物老鼠是这样的，但对你家的其他成员有影响吗？ No effect … on your pet rat, but what about the other members of your family?
30名志愿者在“待机”状态下戴着蓝牙耳机设备6小时，然后满负荷下工作10分钟，并没有检测到听力变化。 “Thirty…volunteers were exposed to a Bluetooth headset device on ‘standby’ for 6 hours then full power for 10 minutes” and…”no…changes in hearing” detected.
也许蓝牙辐射没有足够强度影响神经？真糟糕，脑部手术小组没有尝试在周围挥动一些蓝牙耳机。 Maybe Bluetooth emissions just don’t have the power to affect nerves? Too bad that brain surgery group didn’t try waving around some Bluetooth headsets, too.
哦，他们做了蓝牙耳机实验！ Oh, but they did! 显示手机辐射可能会恶化神经脉冲之后，他们决定重复这个实验来看看蓝牙辐射是否也有同样的影响。 After showing that cell phone fields could deteriorate nerve impulses, they decided to repeat the experiment to see if the same thing happened with Bluetooth fields.
蓝牙以更高的频率运行，在相同的功率下可能是更危险的，但蓝牙的运行强度却低了近千倍。 Bluetooth operates at a higher frequency, which at the same power might be “more hazardous,” but Bluetooth operates at nearly a thousand times lower strength.
毫不奇怪的是，蓝牙设备对听觉神经没有影响，即使听觉神经完全暴露在蓝牙辐射中。 No surprise then, that the Bluetooth device had “no…effect” on the auditory nerve, even when it was completely exposed. 研究人员总结说，这些研究结果表明使用蓝牙耳机在影响听觉神经系统方面可能更安全，因此代表了更安全的手机操作的可行解决方案。 “Taken together,” the researchers conclude that “these findings indicate that using a Bluetooth headset may be safer in terms of…effects on the nervous system and, therefore represents a viable solution for safer cell phone operation.” 翻译： Karen Chou (老玉米) 编辑： Karen Chou (老玉米) 参考文献：
编后记： 虽然这个视频跟蔬食营养无关，但也跟人的健康有关，因此格雷格医生特别制作了这个视频。 电影《我不是药神》徐峥新作，值得每个人都认真看一下，你会看到，疾病是怎样迅速榨干一个小康家庭的积蓄；你会看到，无论有钱没钱，在疾病面前都是多么的无助！ |
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来自： zhihui2016 > 《健康 饮食》
