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New research provides evidence that traumatic experiences in childhood are associated with empathy levels in adulthood. The study, published in PLOS One, indicates that people who experience traumatic events as children are better at responding to the emotional states of others as adults.
新研究提供的证据表明，童年时期的心理创伤经历与成年期的移情水平有关。该研究发表在PLOS One中，表明在儿童时期有过心理创伤事件的人长大后更善于回应他人的情绪状态。
“My experiences doing clinical work as a psychotherapist with children and adults inspired this research,” said study author David M. Greenberg of the University of Cambridge and City University of New York.
“我作为心理治疗师与儿童和成人一起做临床工作的经历激发了我去进行这项研究，”研究作者，毕业与剑桥大学和纽约城市大学的David M. Greenberg说。
The researchers surveyed 387 adults via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk regarding their history of childhood trauma and level of empathy. They also surveyed another 442 adults using a different empathy measure.
研究人员通过亚马逊的Mechanical Turk对387名成年人进行了调查，了解他们童年创伤的历史和移情水平。他们还使用不同的移情水平测试对另外442名成年人进行了调查。
In both surveys, adults who reported experiencing a traumatic event in childhood tended to have higher levels of empathy. Traumatic events included the death of a very close friend or family member, parental divorce or discord, traumatic sexual experiences such as molestation, and being subjected to violence.
在这两项调查中，报告在童年时期经历过创伤事件的成年人往往具有更高的同理心。创伤事件包括一位非常亲密的朋友或家人死亡，父母离婚或不和，创伤性性行为，如骚扰，以及遭受暴力。
Childhood trauma was only associated with elevated levels of affective empathy. It was not linked to higher levels of cognitive empathy.
童年创伤只与移情水平升高有关。它与更高水平的认知共情无关。
“Cognitive empathy (also referred to as ‘mentalizing’) is the ability to understand another’s thoughts and feelings, whereas affective empathy is the ability respond to another person’s mental state with an appropriate emotion,” the study explained.
“认知共情（带入他人角色）是理解他人思想和感受的能力，而情感移情（察言观色）是能够用适当的情绪对另一个人的精神状态做出反应的能力，”研究解释说。
评论：
[–]Nebarious
If you grow up in an environment where understanding the minutiae of another person can literally save your life (or at least avoid pain), you very quickly learn how to read people and their emotions. Unfortunately, that sort of hyper-awareness never leaves you and it can lead you into some pretty awful situations.
如果你从小在痛苦的环境甚至说能危机到生命的环境里长大的话你就会明白读懂人表情上的微小变化是可以帮你逃过一劫的，然后很快你就能学会如何读懂人们的感情。但不幸的是，这种随时注意别人表情的高压状态会一直伴随着你挥之不去，最终很容易导致你精神崩溃。
[–]TreasureBG
I could tell my dad's mood from his footsteps. That's definitely minutiae.
我可以从我爸的脚步声判断他的心情好坏。这变化可真是太微妙了。
[–]Nebarious
Too real.
真实。
[–]tigerdreaming
I’d never thought about it until this second but me too... My Dads footsteps were a dead giveaway of his mood...I still always hyper-react to footsteps and try and interpret them even those of my husband and children... hmm
直到读到你的发言之前我都没有意识到我也和你一样...我爸的脚步声完美的泄漏出了他的心情状态...就算是现在的我也对脚步声非常敏感，我会仔细听脚步声然后翻译出来他们的状态即使这是我老公和小孩的脚步声...
[–]Healing
Even my neighbors' footsteps stress me out. I'm hypervigilant about everyone's moods. Would gladly trade any increased empathy for a little sanity.
我邻居的脚步声都能让我亚历山大。我对所有人的心情状态真的是超敏感。不过让我消耗这些精力去增加我的同情心还是可以接受的。
[–]RickZanches
Yeah same here. Heavy footsteps and slamming doors or any unexpected loud noises set me off. I'll literally stop everything and listen while my heart pounds in my chest, even tho it's usually nothing to worry about.
I never really considered it wasn't a normal thing for people to do.
找到同类了。重重的脚步声和大力关门声或者是没来由的噪音都会让我心头一紧。然后我会停下一切动作去听噪音是哪儿来的，心脏还砰砰直跳，而这些声音通常都没什么好去担心的。
我都从来没去想过我的这些行为是不正常的。
[–]cscotty
It hurts
心疼你们
[–]Go_On_Swan
Your not alone friend. Footsteps, the way they close the front door when they get home, how closed they keep the office door, etc. Made my hyper-aware of these things wherever I look.
你不是一个人。脚步声，回家进门时的脚步声、离办公室越来越近的脚步声等等。这些无论何时都让我超级敏感。
[–]Kitkatphoto
I've often wondered if it will help me or not in my professional life because I'm hyper aware of peoples body language and speech patterns.
我对人们的肢体语言和说话方式超级在意，我想知道这对我的职业生涯是否有帮助。
[–]purview
depends on whether this prevents you from functioning normally or not
personally i can’t all of the time and usually just end up quitting every job abruptly
那要看这对你的日常工作是否有阻碍了，就我个人来说我受不了整天都那样所以我做的每份工作最后都草草辞去了。
[–]pensivemoon1
I feel you... Being in the engineering field and seeing how a lot of engineers don't have some social skills almost led me to leave because of how aware I am about others, and then internalizing their behaviors to mean something is wrong with me... It takes patience
深有体会...我是个工程师看见过很多同行工程师都没有社交技能，这让我感觉到自己跟他们不是一路人，在他们中间让我觉的很怪，但我只能忍。
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