英语中强调句是用来表示强调说话人的意愿和情感,它只是强调句子的某一个成分,通常强调主语、宾语或者是状语,下面我们来看看强调句中主谓一致的各种形式。 关注微信公众号:cnwcjc,了解更多的时事资讯及专业评论 主谓一致 语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。例如: Jane and Mary look healthy and strong. The number of mistakes was surprising. 解释:主语是 the number,谓语是 was对于数字而言,它是单数,所以用了was; 反思:the number of通常跟 a number of 来对比,a number of 是大量的的意思;后面通常是可数名词的复数,所以谓语也跟着用复数形式,比如 a number of people are rushing to the toilet. 意义上一致 1.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。例如: The crowd were running for their lives. 单数形式表示复数意义的词有people,police,cattle,militia等。 2.主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。 例如: The news was very exciting. 形复意单的单词有news,works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名称,如physics,politics,mathematics等。 就近原则 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or,either…or,neither...nor,not only…but also等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。例如: Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. 应注意的几个问题 名词作主语 1)某些集体名词(如family,team等)作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。例如: The whole family are watching TV. His family is going to have a long journey. 这类名词有:audience,class,club,committee,company, crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team,etc. 名词population一词的使用情况跟上述类似。例如:: The population in China is very large,and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. “a group(crowd)of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数,前者强调整体,后者强调各个部分。 2)某些集体名词(如people,police,cattle,militia等)只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。例如: The police are searching for him. 3)单、复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。例如: A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等,作主语时,动词一般用单数。例如: My Uncle's is not far from here. The doctor's is on the side of the street. 常见的省略名词有:the baker\'s,the barber\'s,the carpenter\'s,the Zhang\'s,etc, 表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待,但用作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。例如: Richardson\'s have a lot of leather goods to sell. 5)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式。例如: Five minutes is enough to do this exercise. The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago. Three years has passed. 6)不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语,谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如: Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future. 7)如果主语有more than one...或many a…构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如: Many a ship has been damaged in the storm. More than one student has seen the film. 在“more+复数名词+than one\'’结构之后,谓语词一般用复数形式。例如: More members than one are against your plan.
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