讲义: 动词不定式的用法: 动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 (1)动词不定式作主语。例如: To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。 To teach English is my favorite. 教英语是我的爱好。 It's my pleasure to help you. 很乐意帮助你。 (2)动词不定式作宾语。 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有decide, begin, help, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask等。例如: I like to help others if I can. 如果有可能的话,我喜欢帮助别人。 I want to buy a new car when I have enough money. 我有钱时想买一辆新车。 (3)动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如: We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。 Please ask him to come here quickly. 请叫他快过来。 (4)动词不定式作表语。例如: What I should do is to finish the task soon. 我应该做的是赶快完成任务。 The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 当务之急是马上去找这个小男孩儿。 (5)动词不定式作定语。例如: There are many ways to solve the problem. 有许多方法能解决这个问题。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。 (6)不定式作状语。例如: We went to the hospital to see our teacher. 我们去医院看了我们的老师。 She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower. 她在做试验,从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。 动名词的用法 : ① 动名词作主语 Retelling stories is very useful. 复述故事是很有用的。 Her resigning surprises us. 她的辞职让我们很惊讶。 在一些句子中,常用 it 作形式主语,将动名词放在句子后面。此类句型有: 1) It is + no use,no good,no fun/a great pleasure/a waste of time等名词+doing sth. It is no good crying.哭没有好处。 It is no use fixing.修也没有用。 It is great fun traveling.旅行很有趣。 It is a waste of time playing computer games.玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。 2) It is + useless,nice,good,interesting,expensive等形容词+doing sth It is useless crying.哭没有用。 It is nice meeting you again.真高兴再次见到你。 It is interesting sailing with you.和你一起航海真有趣。 ② 动名词作表语 Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 My idea is making a plan first.我的想法是先做一个计划出来。 动名词作表语时与现在进行时中的现在分词形式相同,但是两者所属结构完全不一样,不能混淆。 试比较: His job was calling the clients. 他的工作是给客户打电话。(calling是动名词,用作表语) He is calling the clients. 他正在给客人打电话。(calling是现在分词,与was构成过去进行时作谓语) ③ 动名词作宾语 动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语。 如: I haven't finished reading today's newspaper. 我还没读完今天的报纸。(动名词reading作动词finish的宾语) I'm afraid of going to the dentist. 我害怕去看牙医。(动名词going作介词of的宾语) ④动名词作定语 Tiffany received an offer of her dreaming university. 蒂凡尼收到了她梦想中的大学的录取通知书。 I would like to choose a house with a swimming pool. 我想选个带游泳池的房子。 |
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