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英语语法简单学:非谓语动词

 新概念英语教学 2023-09-28 发布于上海

一、内容纲要

二、内容简述

(一)定义

英语中的动词,根据其是否可以直接用作句子的谓语,可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。

谓语动词,是指可以直接用作句子谓语的动词。它会受主语的单复数的影响存在形式变化,也会有时态和语态的形式变化。

非谓语动词,是指不能直接用作句子谓语的动词。它不受主语的单复数的影响,也没有时态和语态的变化。

(二)分类

从狭义范围来讲,非谓语动词主要包括动名词(doing)、不定式(to do)和分词三大类,其中分词还可以分为现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done)。

从广义范围来讲,除了以上三种,助动词、系动词和情态动词也属于非谓语动词,因为它们虽然都是动词,但都不能直接用作句子的谓语。

(三)动名词(doing)

动名词常用作句子的主语、宾语、表语或定语,如:

主语:Swimming is my favourite sport.

宾语:I like swimming best.

表语:My favourite sport is swimming.

定语:There is a swimming pool in my house.

【注意】

1、动名词也常用作介词的宾语,如:I am very interested in reading.

2、动名词有时会有自己的宾语,如:I like reading books.

3、动名词有时会有自己的逻辑主语,如:My going there has been decided. / Do you mind me/my going there?

(四)不定式(to do)

动词不定式常用作句子的主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语或状语。如:

主语:To see is to believe.
宾语:I want to visit him next week.
表语:My suggestion is to set out early tomorrow.
补语:She told me to buy a book for her.
定语:He has something to do this afternoon.
状语:They got up early to catch the first train.

【注意】

英语中有的动词后面只能跟不定式,有的只能跟动名词,也有的既可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式。如:

I hope to see you soon.
They enjoyed themselves at the party last night.
She likes running.
She likes to take a walk in the garden.

(五)分词

英语中的分词分为现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done),现在分词主要表示动作的进行,过去分词主要表示动作的完成。如:

She is working in the garden now.
They have finished the work on the bridge.

【注意】

1、过去分词也常用来表被动,如:The window was broken by her.

2、使役动词的分词经常形容词化,如:She was excited at the good news.



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